{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:36:41Z","timestamp":1792183001308,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe manifestation of alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD) with high mortality. Although gut bacteria and fungi modulate disease severity, little is known about the effects of the viral microbiome (virome) in patients with ALD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We extracted virus\u2010like particles from 89 patients with AH who were enrolled in a multicenter observational study, 36 with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and 17 persons without AUD (controls). Virus\u2010like particles from fecal samples were fractionated using differential filtration techniques, and metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterize intestinal viromes. We observed an increased viral diversity in fecal samples from patients with ALD, with the most significant changes in samples from patients with AH. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteria<\/jats:italic>\u2010, and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> phages were over\u2010represented in fecal samples from patients with AH, along with significant increases in mammalian viruses such as <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Parvoviridae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Herpesviridae<\/jats:italic>. Antibiotic treatment was associated with higher viral diversity. Specific viral taxa, such as <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> phages and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Herpesviridae<\/jats:italic>, were associated with increased disease severity, indicated by a higher median Model for End\u2010Stage Liver Disease score, and associated with increased 90\u2010day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In conclusion, intestinal viral taxa are altered in fecal samples from patients with AH and associated with disease severity and mortality. Our study describes an intestinal virome signature associated with AH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T12:00:16Z","timestamp":1594555216000},"page":"2182-2196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Intestinal Virome in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine,VA San Diego Healthcare System,San Diego,CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La 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