{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:32:21Z","timestamp":1770885141778,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It is well accepted that liver diseases and their outcomes are associated with intestinal microbiota, but causality is difficult to establish. The intestinal microbiota are altered in patients with hepatitis C. As chronic HCV infection can now be cured in almost all patients, it is an ideal model to study the influence of liver disease on the microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We aimed to prospectively analyze the changes in the gut microbiome in patients who received direct\u2010acting antivirals (DAA) and achieved sustained virological response (SVR). Amplicon sequencing of the V1\u2010V2 region in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed in stool samples of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Patients in the treatment group received DAA (n\u00a0=\u00a065), whereas in the control group, no DAA were given (n\u00a0=\u00a033). Only patients achieving SVR were included. The alpha diversity increased numerically but not significantly from baseline to SVR at week 24 or 48 (SVR24\/48; 2.784\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.248 vs. 2.846\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.224; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.057). When stratifying for the presence of liver cirrhosis, a significant increase in diversity was only seen in patients without cirrhosis. Differences in the microbial community structure induced by the achievement of SVR were only observed in patients without liver cirrhosis. In patients with liver cirrhosis and in the control group, no significant differences were observed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In conclusion, the achievement of SVR24\/48 in patients with chronic HCV was associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. However, these changes were only seen in patients without liver cirrhosis. A major role of liver remodeling on the intestinal microbiota is indicated by the dynamics of the intestinal microbial community structure depending on the stage of fibrosis in patients resolving chronic hepatitis C.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T18:46:23Z","timestamp":1610304383000},"page":"72-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Eradication of Chronic HCV Infection: Improvement of Dysbiosis Only in Patients Without Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Freya","family":"Wellh\u00f6ner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical 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Research,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Kahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group,Helmholtz Center for Infection Research,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Potthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Peter","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmar Helmut","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group,Helmholtz Center for Infection Research,Braunschweig,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3706-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Cornberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Heidrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany"},{"name":"Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group,Helmholtz Center for Infection Research,Braunschweig,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep31700-bib-0001-20250824","first-page":"50","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic hepatitis C with and without cirrhosis compared with healthy controls","volume":"38","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver 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