{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:55:38Z","timestamp":1767916538829,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Accurate identification of recent HCV infections is critical for tracing the extent and mechanisms of ongoing transmission. We aimed to validate dried blood spot (DBS) samples for the assessment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic diversity and to determine epidemiological parameters including incidence, determinants of acute infection, and phylogenetic clustering in people who inject drugs (PWID).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HCV nonstructural protein 5B next\u2010generation sequencing was performed from plasma and\/or DBS in 220 viremic PWID from the HepC<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">detect<\/jats:italic> II study. No significant differences were found in consensus sequences or Shannon entropy (SE) intrahost diversity estimate between paired plasma\/DBS specimens. SE values were used to identify acute infections with 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.81\u20131.06) and 95.0% specificity (95% CI, 0.88\u20131.02) in a set of well\u2010defined controls. An acute HCV infection (either primary infection or reinfection) was detected in 13.5% of viremic participants and was associated with age \u226430\u00a0years (OR,\u00a08.09), injecting less than daily (OR,\u00a04.35), \u22645\u00a0years of injected drug use (OR,\u00a03.43), sharing cocaine snorting straws (OR,\u00a02.89), and being unaware of their HCV status (OR,\u00a03.62). Annualized HCV incidence was estimated between 31 and 59\/100 person\u2010years. On phylogenetic analysis, 46.8% of viremic cases were part of a transmission pair or cluster; age \u226430\u00a0years (OR,\u00a06.16), acute infection (OR,\u00a05.73), and infection with subtype 1a (OR,\u00a04.78) were independently associated with this condition.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results obtained from plasma and DBS characterize PWID with acute infection and those involved in ongoing HCV transmission and allow estimating incidence from cross\u2010sectional data. This information is critical for the design and assessment of targeted harm reduction programs and test\u2010and\u2010treat interventions and to facilitate monitoring of HCV elimination in this key population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T09:50:25Z","timestamp":1613814625000},"page":"591-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of Acute HCV Infection and Transmission Networks in People Who Currently Inject Drugs in Catalonia: Usefulness of Dried Blood Spots"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-3125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Antuori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department,Laboratori Cl\u00ednic Metropolitana Nord,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol,Badalona,Spain"},{"name":"Genetics and Microbiology Department,Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona,Bellaterra,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Excellence in HIV,Vancouver,BC,Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5633-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pi\u00f1eyro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Content Genomics & Bioinformatics Unit,Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol,Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer,Badalona,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauro","family":"Sumoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Content Genomics & Bioinformatics Unit,Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol,Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer,Badalona,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Excellence in HIV,Vancouver,BC,Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,BC,Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mel","family":"Krajden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory,Hepatitis\u2014Clinical Prevention Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control,Vancouver,BC,Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department,Laboratori Cl\u00ednic Metropolitana Nord,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol,Badalona,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinta","family":"Folch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiological Studies on Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV\/AIDS of Catalonia,Public Health Agency of Catalonia,Badalona,Spain"},{"name":"Group 27,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Casabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiological Studies on Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV\/AIDS of Catalonia,Public Health Agency of Catalonia,Badalona,Spain"},{"name":"Group 27,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Matas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department,Laboratori Cl\u00ednic Metropolitana Nord,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol,Badalona,Spain"},{"name":"Genetics and Microbiology Department,Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona,Bellaterra,Spain"},{"name":"Group 27,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Colom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme for Prevention, Control and Treatment of HIV,STIs and Viral Hepatitis,Public Health Agency of Catalonia,Barcelona,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Saludes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department,Laboratori Cl\u00ednic Metropolitana Nord,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol,Badalona,Spain"},{"name":"Genetics and Microbiology Department,Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona,Bellaterra,Spain"},{"name":"Group 27,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Martr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department,Laboratori Cl\u00ednic Metropolitana Nord,Hospital 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