{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:32:15Z","timestamp":1790987535298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Liver transplantation (LT) in alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis (AH) remains controversial, in part because spontaneous recovery (SR) can occur. There is a paucity of data on SR in patients with severe AH who undergo LT evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with SR and survival in patients with severe AH who undergo LT evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of ALD patients with Model for End\u2010Stage Liver Disease (MELD) &gt;25 and &lt;90 days abstinence who underwent LT evaluation at a single center between 2012 and 2018. One hundred forty\u2010four patients (median age, 45.5 years; 68.1% male) were included. Forty\u2010nine (34%) underwent LT and 95 (66%) patients did not undergo LT, and of those, 34 (23.6%) experienced SR. Factors associated with recovery were younger age (OR, 0.92; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), lower index international normalized ratio (INR; 0.31; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), and lower peak MELD (OR, 0.83; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Only 7 patients (20.6%) achieved a compensated state with a MELD &lt;15 and absence of therapy for ascites or HE. Survival was improved in patients who underwent early LT when compared to SR. Survival was impaired in SR following relapse to alcohol use when compared to SR patients who abstained and LT recipients. Among all 6\u2010month survivors of AH, alcohol use trended toward an association with mortality (HR, 2.05; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = 0.17), but only LT was associated with decreased mortality risk (HR, 0.20; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SR from AH after LT evaluation is associated with age, index INR, and lower peak MELD. Most recovered patients continue to experience end\u2010stage complications. LT is the only factor associated with lower mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T10:14:02Z","timestamp":1628849642000},"page":"104-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Recovery and outcomes of patients denied early liver transplantation for severe alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Musto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin,Madison,Wisconsin,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Stanfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin,Madison,Wisconsin,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin,Madison,Wisconsin,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lucey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin,Madison,Wisconsin,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Eickhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistic and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin,Madison,Wisconsin,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin,Madison,Wisconsin,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32110-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets","volume":"141","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32110-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181fdef1d","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and mortality of hospitalized alcoholic hepatitis patients in the United States","volume":"45","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32110-bib-0003-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.062","article-title":"Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early 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