{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:14:50Z","timestamp":1793405690664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases, which comprise a heterogeneous group of pathological features and a high mortality rate. Liver transplantation remains the gold\u2010standard therapy for most liver diseases, with concomitant limitations related to donor organ shortage and lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. A concept in liver therapy intends to overcome these limitations based on the secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs; microvesicles and exosomes) by mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (MSCs). A significant number of studies have shown that factors released by MSCs could induce liver repair and ameliorate systemic inflammation through paracrine effects. It is well known that this paracrine action is based not only on the secretion of cytokines and growth factors but also on EVs, which regulate pathways associated with inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, integrin\u2010linked protein kinase signaling, and apoptosis. Herein, we extensively discuss the differential effects of MSC\u2010EVs on different liver diseases and on cellular and animal models and address the complex molecular mechanisms involved in the therapeutic potential of EVs. In addition, we cover the crucial information regarding the type of molecules contained in MSC\u2010EVs that can be effective in the context of liver diseases. In conclusion, outcomes on MSC\u2010EV\u2010mediated therapy are expected to lead to an innovative, cell\u2010free, noninvasive, less immunogenic, and nontoxic alternative strategy for liver treatment and to provide important mechanistic information on the reparative function of liver cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T13:53:08Z","timestamp":1630072388000},"page":"1590-1603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells: The regenerative impact in liver diseases"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Psaraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology,Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Athens,Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Ntari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology,Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Athens,Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Karakostas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology,Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Athens,Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Korrou\u2010Karava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology,Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Athens,Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Roubelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology,Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Athens,Greece"},{"name":"Centre of Basic Research,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,Athens,Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32129-bib-0001-20250824","first-page":"4","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal stem cells, their derived factors, and extracellular vesicles in liver failure","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"hep32129-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2016324","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"key":"hep32129-bib-0003-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2016.03.003","article-title":"Current evidence for extracorporeal liver support systems in acute liver failure and acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver 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