{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:56:25Z","timestamp":1792716985942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently there is no Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved drug to treat NAFLD and NASH, the rates of which are increasing worldwide. Although NAFLD\/NASH are highly complex and heterogeneous conditions, most pharmacotherapy pipelines focus on a single mechanistic target. Considering the importance of the gut\u2010liver axis in their pathogenesis, we investigated the therapeutic effect of a long\u2010acting dual agonist of glucagon\u2010like peptide (GLP)\u20101 and GLP\u20102 receptors in mice with NAFLD\/NASH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C57BL\/6J<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice were fed a choline\u2010deficient high\u2010fat diet\/high fructose and sucrose solution. After 16 weeks, mice were randomly allocated to receive vehicle, GLP1\u2010Fc, GLP2\u2010Fc, or GLP1\/2\u2010Fc fusion (GLP1\/2\u2010Fc) subcutaneously every 2 days for 4 weeks. Body weight was monitored, insulin\/glucose tolerance tests were performed, feces were collected, and microbiome profiles were analyzed. Immobilized cell systems were used to evaluate direct peptide effect. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, immunoblot analysis, tunnel assay, and biochemical assays were performed to assess drug effects on inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, cell death, and intestinal structures. The mice had well\u2010developed NASH phenotypes. GLP1\/2\u2010Fc reduced body weight, glucose levels, hepatic triglyceride levels, and cellular apoptosis. It improved liver fibrosis, insulin sensitivity, and intestinal tight junctions, and increased microvillus height, crypt depth, and goblet cells of intestine compared with a vehicle group. Similar effects of GLP1\/2\u2010Fc were found in in vitro cell systems. GLP1\/2\u2010Fc also changed microbiome profiles. We applied fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gain further insight into the mechanism of GLP1\/2\u2010Fc\u2013mediated protection. We confirmed that FMT exerted an additive effect on GLP1\u2010Fc group, including the body weight change, liver weight, hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A long\u2010acting dual agonist of GLP\u20101 and GLP\u20102 receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD\/NASH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T01:02:36Z","timestamp":1636765356000},"page":"1523-1538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A GLP\u20101\/GLP\u20102 receptor dual agonist to treat NASH: Targeting the gut\u2010liver axis and microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Eun Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Su","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00a0Jeong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu seol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Seul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science,Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SeungWon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science,Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hee","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science,Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Woo","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences,Kyung Hee University,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Won","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology,Glycosylation Network Research Center,Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Bok","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute,SL MetaGen,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Joo","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute,SL MetaGen,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010In","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute,SL MetaGen,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung\u2010Shik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Han","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6219-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong\u2010ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science,Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"},{"name":"Department of Systems Biology,Glycosylation Network Research Center,Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"hep32235-bib-0055-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318813","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic liver diseases in the USA in the past three decades","volume":"69","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0056-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30254","article-title":"Burden of illness and economic model for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0057-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"363","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0058-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2017.41.6.430","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: the emerging burden in cardiometabolic and renal diseases","volume":"41","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0059-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0060-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.066","article-title":"Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"150","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0061-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30672","article-title":"Defining improvement in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis for treatment trial endpoints: recommendations from the Liver Forum","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0062-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2015.01.001","article-title":"Hepatic injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis contributes to altered intestinal permeability","volume":"1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cel Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0063-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22848","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0064-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.05.011","article-title":"Diets rich in fructose, fat or fructose and fat alter intestinal barrier function and lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease over time","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutritional Biochem"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0065-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3318","article-title":"Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection","volume":"359","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0066-20250824","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in NAFLD and NASH","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0067-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7911","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7911","article-title":"Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon\u2010like peptide 2","volume":"93","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0068-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1202","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90494.2008","article-title":"Interleukin\u201010\u2010independent anti\u2010inflammatory actions of glucagon\u2010like peptide 2","volume":"295","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJP\u2010Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0069-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G274","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00389.2012","article-title":"Glugacon\u2010like peptide\u20102: broad receptor expression, limited therapeutic effect on intestinal inflammation and novel role in liver regeneration","volume":"307","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0070-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140","article-title":"GLP\u20101 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0071-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1506236","article-title":"Another agent for obesity\u2014will this time be different?","volume":"373","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0072-20250824","first-page":"679","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double\u2010blind, randomised, placebo\u2010controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet (British edition)"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0073-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33893-y","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation confers beneficial metabolic effects of diet and exercise on diet\u2010induced obese mice","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0074-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01751-y","article-title":"Total fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates high\u2010fat diet\u2010induced steatohepatitis in mice via beneficial regulation of gut microbiota","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0075-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29646","article-title":"Restoration of a healthy intestinal microbiota normalizes portal hypertension in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0076-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high\u2010throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0077-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.03.006","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20102 promotes gallbladder refilling via a TGR5\u2010independent, GLP\u20102R\u2010dependent pathway","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0078-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.005","article-title":"Fibrogenic signalling in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0079-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00292.x","article-title":"Modern pathogenetic concepts of liver fibrosis suggest stellate cells and TGF\u2010beta as major players and therapeutic targets","volume":"10","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0080-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23569","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway","volume":"51","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0081-20250824","article-title":"Spatial expression of glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 receptor and caveolin\u20101 in hepatocytes with macrovesicular steatosis in non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0082-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0495-2","article-title":"Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof\u2010of\u2010concept exploratory study","volume":"25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0083-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i27.9090","article-title":"Potential roles of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101\u2010based therapies in treating non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0084-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.154001","article-title":"Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: think out of the box!","volume":"101","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0085-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12837","article-title":"Effect of 12\u2010week dulaglutide therapy in Japanese patients with biopsy\u2010proven non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"47","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0086-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00416","article-title":"GLP\u20102 dysregulates hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, inducing fatty liver and VLDL overproduction in male hamsters and mice","volume":"159","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0087-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0500","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20102 and mouse intestinal adaptation to a high\u2010fat diet","volume":"217","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0088-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0849-9","article-title":"Gut intraepithelial T cells calibrate metabolism and accelerate cardiovascular disease","volume":"566","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0089-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1577","article-title":"GLP\u20101R agonists modulate enteric immune responses through the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP\u20101R","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0090-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.02.005","article-title":"GLP\u20101R agonists promote normal and neoplastic intestinal growth through mechanisms requiring Fgf7","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0091-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.03.004","article-title":"Novel GLP\u20101\/GLP\u20102 co\u2010agonists display marked effects on gut volume and improves glycemic control in mice","volume":"192","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0092-20250824","first-page":"142","article-title":"Intestinal microbiome and NAFLD: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"55","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0093-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8096","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08096","article-title":"Dysbiosis gut microbiota associated with inflammation and impaired mucosal immune function in intestine of humans with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0094-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.018","article-title":"The colonic crypt protects stem cells from microbiota\u2010derived metabolites","volume":"165","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0095-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-11-61","article-title":"Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii influence the production of mucus glycans and the development of goblet cells in the colonic epithelium of a gnotobiotic model rodent","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0096-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(17)60019-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0097-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.001","article-title":"Dietary fiber\u2010induced improvement in glucose metabolism is associated with increased abundance of prevotella","volume":"22","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0098-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31364-X","article-title":"Treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with probiotics. A proof\u2010of\u2010concept Study","volume":"12","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0099-20250824","article-title":"Changes in gut microbiota in rats fed a high fat diet correlate with obesity\u2010associated metabolic parameters","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0100-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4393-x","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota composition and immune response in experimental steatohepatitis mouse models","volume":"62","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0101-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0288","article-title":"Deficiency in interferon\u2010gamma results in reduced body weight and better glucose tolerance in mice","volume":"152","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0102-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13329","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13329","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila mediates negative effects of IFNgamma on glucose metabolism","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0103-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12476-z","article-title":"Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0104-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31265","article-title":"FXR Agonists as therapy for liver disease","volume":"72","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0105-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29543","article-title":"Bile acids in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: pathophysiological driving force or innocent bystanders?","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0106-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G641","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00360.2018","article-title":"Differential action of TGR5 agonists on GLP\u20102 secretion and promotion of intestinal adaptation in a piglet short bowel model","volume":"316","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0107-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G980","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00062.2020","article-title":"Pharmacological activation of TGR5 promotes intestinal growth via a GLP\u20102\u2010dependent pathway in mice","volume":"318","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"hep32235-bib-0108-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00408-y","article-title":"Therapeutic pipeline in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hep.32235","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hep.32235","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T23:00:55Z","timestamp":1756076455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.32235","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}