{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:10:29Z","timestamp":1792005029360,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The burden of HCC is substantial. To address gaps in HCC care, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Metrics Committee (PMC) aimed to develop a standard set of process\u2010based measures and patient\u2010reported outcomes (PROs) along the HCC care continuum. We identified candidate process and outcomes measures for HCC care based on structured literature review. A 13\u2010member panel with content expertise across the HCC care continuum evaluated candidate measures on importance and performance gap using a modified Delphi approach (two rounds of rating) to define the final set of measures. Candidate PROs based on a structured scoping review were ranked by 74 patients with HCC across 7 diverse institutions. Out of 135 measures, 29 measures made the final set. These covered surveillance (6 measures), diagnosis (6 measures), staging (2 measures), treatment (10 measures), and outcomes (5 measures). Examples included the use of ultrasound (\u00b1 alpha\u2010fetoprotein [AFP]) every 6 months, need for surveillance in high\u2010risk populations, diagnostic testing for patients with a new AFP elevation, multidisciplinary liver tumor board (MLTB) review of Liver Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System 4 lesions, standard evaluation at diagnosis, treatment recommendations based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging, MLTB discussion of treatment options, appropriate referral for evaluation of liver transplantation candidacy, and role of palliative therapy. PROs include those related to pain, anxiety, fear of treatment, and uncertainty about the best individual treatment and the future. The AASLD PMC has developed a set of explicit quality measures in HCC care to help bridge the gap between guideline recommendations and measurable processes and outcomes. Measurement and subsequent implementation of these metrics could be a central step in the improvement of patient care and outcomes in this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T03:45:52Z","timestamp":1636947952000},"page":"1289-1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Quality measures in HCC care by the Practice Metrics Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumeet K.","family":"Asrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"22683,Baylor University Medical Center,Dallas,Texas,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan S.","family":"Ghabril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12250,Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Medicine,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,Indiana,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology,Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center,University of California Los Angeles,Los Angeles,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael B.","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General and Transplant Hepatology,California Pacific Medical Center and Research Institute,San Francisco,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Research Services,VA Long Beach Healthcare System,Long Beach,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neehar D.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1528-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Ovchinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology,Children\u2019s Hospital at Montefiore,Bronx,New York,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fasiha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Medicine,Baylor College of Medicine,Houston,Texas,USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Houston,Texas,USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research,Department of Medicine,Baylor College of Medicine,Houston,Texas,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4608,Division of Gastroenterology and Transplantation Institute,Loma Linda University,Loma Linda,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanda","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantation,California Pacific Medical Center,San Francisco,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4899-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Serper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivang","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor All Saints,Fort Worth,Texas,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0130-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vatche","family":"Agopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation,Department of Surgery,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California,Los Angeles,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roniel","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition,University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Chernyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology,Montefiore Medical Center,Bronx,New York,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem B.","family":"El\u2010Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,Baylor College of Medicine,Houston,Texas,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Heimbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant Surgery,William J. von Liebig Transplant Center,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1796-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George N.","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Medicine,Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Perelman University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive and Liver Diseases Division,Department of Internal Medicine,UT Southwestern Medical Center,Dallas,Texas,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases,UT Southwestern Medical Center,Dallas,Texas,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riad","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology,Department of Radiology,Northwestern University,Chicago,Illinois,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Taddei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Digestive Diseases,Yale School of Medicine,New Haven,Connecticut,USA"},{"name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System,West Haven,Connecticut,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Walling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,Los Angeles,California,USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research,University of California,Los Angeles,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot B.","family":"Tapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Internal Medicine,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32240-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3055","article-title":"The burden of primary liver cancer and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2015 at the global, regional, and national level: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2996","article-title":"Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability\u2010adjusted life\u2010years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"hep32240-bib-0003-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.020","article-title":"Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in all 50 United States, from 2000 through 2012","volume":"152","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0004-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.01.025","article-title":"Diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): current guidelines","volume":"101","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0005-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0006-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.04.005","article-title":"Comparison of the current international guidelines on the management of HCC","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"hep32240-bib-0007-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2018.0090","article-title":"Comparison of international guidelines for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 update","volume":"25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"hep32240-bib-0008-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29913","article-title":"Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"68","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"hep32240-bib-0009-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9799-9","article-title":"Asia\u2010Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0010-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.0059","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: hepatobiliary cancers, version 1.2017","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"8","key":"hep32240-bib-0011-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.026","article-title":"Factors associated with delay of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0012-20250824","article-title":"Conceptual model for the hepatocellular carcinoma screening continuum: Current status and research agenda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"hep32240-bib-0013-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000411","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance among cirrhotic patients with commercial health insurance","volume":"50","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"hep32240-bib-0014-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.02.012","article-title":"Adherence to AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical practice: experience of the Bologna Liver Oncology Group","volume":"46","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0015-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001024","article-title":"Low rates of retention into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance program after initial HCC screening","volume":"53","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"hep32240-bib-0016-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000708","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance among patients with cirrhosis in a population\u2010based integrated health care delivery system","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"hep32240-bib-0017-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1952-x","article-title":"Utilization of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance among American patients: a systematic review","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"hep32240-bib-0018-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31309","article-title":"Use of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"73","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"hep32240-bib-0019-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.05.003","article-title":"Assessing the Impact of referral on multidisciplinary tumor board outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"hep32240-bib-0020-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.040","article-title":"Association of provider specialty and multidisciplinary care with hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and mortality","volume":"152","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"hep32240-bib-0021-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28639","article-title":"Approximately one\u2010half of patients with early\u2010stage hepatocellular carcinoma meeting Milan criteria did not receive local tumor destructive or curative surgery in the post\u2010MELD exception era","volume":"120","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"hep32240-bib-0022-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.07.033","article-title":"Natural history of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma in a US cohort and the role of cancer surveillance","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0023-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-013-0109-7","article-title":"Comparative and cost effectiveness of treatment modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma in SEER\u2010Medicare","volume":"32","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0024-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27388","article-title":"Emerging trends in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and mortality","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0025-20250824","article-title":"Presentation, management, and outcomes across the rural\u2010urban continuum for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"5","year":"2021","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"hep32240-bib-0026-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.10.015","article-title":"Geographical variations in incidence, management and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Western country","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"hep32240-bib-0027-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.01.021","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma screening associated with early tumor detection and improved survival among patients with cirrhosis in the US","volume":"130","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"hep32240-bib-0028-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000948","article-title":"Rural\u2010urban geographical disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence among US adults, 2004\u20132017","volume":"116","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"hep32240-bib-0029-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.027","article-title":"Compliance with hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance guidelines associated with increased lead\u2010time adjusted survival of patients with compensated viral cirrhosis: a multi\u2010center cohort study","volume":"155","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"hep32240-bib-0030-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3413-8","article-title":"Establishment of a multidisciplinary hepatocellular carcinoma clinic is associated with improved clinical outcome","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0031-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.033","article-title":"Improved surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma with a primary care\u2010oriented clinical reminder","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0032-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30129","article-title":"Mailed outreach invitations significantly improve HCC surveillance rates in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"hep32240-bib-0033-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.042","article-title":"Mailed outreach program increases ultrasound screening of patients with cirrhosis for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"152","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"hep32240-bib-0034-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30779","article-title":"Quality measures, all\u2010cause mortality, and health care use in a national cohort of veterans with cirrhosis","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"hep32240-bib-0035-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30489","article-title":"Development of quality measures in cirrhosis by the Practice Metrics Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0036-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29486","article-title":"Therapies for advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion or metastatic disease: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0037-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29086","article-title":"AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3\u20104","key":"hep32240-bib-0038-20250824","first-page":"458","article-title":"JSH consensus\u2010based clinical practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2014 update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"38","key":"hep32240-bib-0039-20250824","first-page":"262","article-title":"Global epidemiology, prevention, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"hep32240-bib-0042-20250824","first-page":"iii1","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"hep32240-bib-0043-20250824","first-page":"iv238","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow\u2010up","volume":"29","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"hep32240-bib-0044-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.03.028","article-title":"An explicit quality indicator set for measurement of quality of care in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"hep32240-bib-0046-20250824","first-page":"S392","article-title":"Quality indicators for the care of osteoporosis in vulnerable elders","volume":"55","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"hep32240-bib-0047-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.8.984","article-title":"Quality of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"284","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"hep32240-bib-0048-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2006.05.005","article-title":"Quality indicators in bariatric surgery: improving quality of care","volume":"2","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"hep32240-bib-0049-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181ae575a","article-title":"Developing quality indicators for elderly surgical patients","volume":"250","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0050-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-8_Part_2-200110161-00004","article-title":"Acove quality indicators","volume":"135","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"hep32240-bib-0051-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.010","article-title":"Patient reported outcomes as emerging biomarkers in chronic liver disease research","volume":"72","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"hep32240-bib-0052-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.12.028","article-title":"Patient\u2010reported outcomes for patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"16","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"hep32240-bib-0053-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007122","article-title":"Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification","volume":"19","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"S2","key":"hep32240-bib-0054-20250824","first-page":"S115","article-title":"The Barcelona approach: diagnosis, staging, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0055-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05724-1","article-title":"Geographical disparities of outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in France: the heavier burden of alcohol compared to hepatitis C","volume":"65","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"hep32240-bib-0056-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.04.020","article-title":"Building effective quality improvement programs for liver disease: a systematic review of quality improvement initiatives","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"hep32240-bib-0057-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000068","article-title":"Design of the Texas hepatocellular carcinoma consortium cohort study","volume":"114","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"hep32240-bib-0058-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0458-6","article-title":"Evaluating screening approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of HCV related cirrhosis patients from the Veteran's Affairs Health Care System","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"hep32240-bib-0059-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S212401","article-title":"Socioeconomic and survival differences among minorities with hepatocellular carcinoma in Florida","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"hep32240-bib-0060-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29756","article-title":"Patient\u2010reported outcomes in cirrhosis: a scoping review of the literature","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hep.32240","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hep.32240","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T23:07:17Z","timestamp":1756076837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.32240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-29","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}