{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:41:34Z","timestamp":1792636894279,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the second\u2010most common primary liver malignancy after HCC and has risen in incidence globally in the past decades. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) comprises 20% of all CCAs, with the rest being extrahepatic (including perihilar [pCCA] and distal CCA). Though long representing an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation (LT), recent analyses of outcomes of LT for iCCA have suggested that iCCA may be a potentially feasible option for highly selected patients. This has been motivated both by successes noted in outcomes of LT for other malignancies, such as HCC and pCCA, and by several retrospective reviews demonstrating favorable results with LT for a selected group of iCCA patients with small lesions. LT for iCCA is primarily relevant within two clinical scenarios. The first includes patients with very early disease (single tumor, \u22642 cm) with cirrhosis and are not candidates for liver resection (LR). The second scenario is patients with locally advanced iCCA, but where the extent of LR would be too extensive to be feasible. Preliminary single\u2010center reports have described LT in a selected group of patients with locally advanced tumors who have responded to neoadjuvant therapy and have a period of disease stability. Currently, there are three prospective trials underway that will help clarify the role of LT in iCCA. This review seeks to explore the available studies involving LT for iCCA, the challenges of ongoing trials, and opportunities for the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T04:20:51Z","timestamp":1638505251000},"page":"455-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Liver Transplantation for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Ready for Prime Time?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Sapisochin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi\u2010Organ Transplant Program,University Health Network Toronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1312-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Ivanics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi\u2010Organ Transplant Program,University Health Network Toronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery,Henry Ford Hospital,Detroit,Michigan,USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences,Akademiska Sjukhuset,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Heimbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Transplant Surgery,Department of Surgery,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32258-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828889","article-title":"The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.021","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0003-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-04966-4","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, treatment and outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the USA: facility type is associated with margin status, use of lymphadenectomy and overall survival","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0004-20250824","article-title":"Geographic variation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0005-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31942","article-title":"Biliary tract cancer incidence and trends in the United States by demographic group, 1999\u20132013","volume":"125","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0006-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2012.00536.x","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a low endemic area: rising incidence and improved survival","volume":"14","year":"2012","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0007-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.589472","article-title":"Epidemiological trends in incidence and mortality of hepatobiliary cancers in Germany","volume":"46","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0008-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.11.015","article-title":"Rising trends in cholangiocarcinoma: is the ICD classification system misleading us?","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0009-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds652","article-title":"A comparison of trends in mortality from primary liver cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Europe","volume":"24","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0010-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0446","article-title":"Forty\u2010year trends in cholangiocarcinoma incidence in the U.S.: intrahepatic disease on the rise","volume":"21","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"hep32258-bib-0011-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.022","article-title":"Are common factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers? 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