{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:04:54Z","timestamp":1792839894679,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Etiological risk factors for cirrhosis have changed in the last decade. It remains unclear to what extent these trends in cirrhosis risk factors have changed HCC risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from two contemporary, prospective multiethnic cohorts of patients with cirrhosis: the Texas Hepatocellular Carcinoma Consortium Cohort and the Houston Veterans Administration Cirrhosis Surveillance Cohort. Patients with cirrhosis were enrolled from seven US centers and followed until HCC diagnosis, transplant, death, or June 30, 2021. We calculated the annual incidence rates for HCC and examined the effects of etiology, demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors on the risk of HCC. We included 2733 patients with cirrhosis (mean age 60.1 years, 31.3% women). At enrollment, 19.0% had active HCV, 23.3% had cured HCV, 16.1% had alcoholic liver disease, and 30.1% had NAFLD. During 7406 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 135 patients developed HCC at an annual incidence rate of 1.82% (95% CI,\u00a01.51\u20132.13). The annual HCC incidence rate was 1.71% in patients with cured HCV, 1.32% in patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 1.24% in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis. Compared to patients with NAFLD, the risk of progression to HCC was 2\u2010fold higher in patients with cured HCV (HR,\u00a02.04; 95% CI, 1.24\u20133.35). Current smoking (HR,\u00a01.63; 95% CI, 1.01\u20132.63) and overweight\/obesity (HR,\u00a01.79; 95% CI, 1.08\u20132.95) were also associated with HCC risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCC incidence among patients with cirrhosis was lower than previously reported. HCC risk was variable across etiologies, with higher risk in patients with HCV cirrhosis and lower risk in those with NAFLD cirrhosis. Current smoking and overweight\/obesity increased HCC risk across etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T03:19:09Z","timestamp":1646104749000},"page":"997-1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Risk factors for HCC in contemporary cohorts of patients with cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fasiha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Khaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit G.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumeet K.","family":"Asrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0084-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Thrift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Luster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Al\u2010Sarraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem B.","family":"El\u2010Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. 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