{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:16:09Z","timestamp":1791288969203,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The efficient delivery of RNA molecules to restore the expression of a missing or inadequately functioning protein in a target cell and the intentional specific modification of the host genome using engineered nucleases represent therapeutic concepts that are revolutionizing modern medicine. The initiation of several clinical trials using these approaches to treat metabolic liver disorders as well as the recently reported remarkable results obtained by patients with transthyretin amyloidosis highlight the advances in this field and show the potential of these therapies to treat these diseases safely and efficaciously. These advances have been possible due, firstly, to significant improvements made in RNA chemistry that increase its stability and prevent activation of the innate immune response and, secondly, to the development of very efficient liver\u2010targeted RNA delivery systems. In parallel, the breakout of CRISPR\/CRISPR\u2010associated 9\u2013based technology in the gene editing field has marked a turning point in in vivo modification of the cellular genome with therapeutic purposes, which can be based on gene supplementation, correction, or silencing. In the coming years we are likely to witness the therapeutic potential of these two strategies both separately and in combination. In this review we summarize the preclinical data obtained in animal models treated with mRNA as a therapeutic agent and discuss the different gene editing strategies applied to the treatment of liver diseases, highlighting both their therapeutic efficacy as well as safety concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T04:38:30Z","timestamp":1646368710000},"page":"869-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["mRNA and gene editing: Late breaking therapies in liver diseases"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Nerea","family":"Zabaleta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center,Schepens Eye Research Institute,Mass Eye and Ear,Boston,Massachusetts,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Torella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene expression Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research,University of Navarra,IdisNA,Pamplona,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivet Therapeutics,Pamplona,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Aseguinolaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene expression Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research,University of Navarra,IdisNA,Pamplona,Spain"},{"name":"Vivet Therapeutics,Pamplona,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"hep32441-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2019.04.002","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases. 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