{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:40:35Z","timestamp":1787683235578,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccination in children and adults is not known. In 1981, we used three doses of plasma\u2010derived hepatitis B vaccine to immunize a cohort of 1578 Alaska Native adults and children from 15 Alaska communities who were \u22656 months old.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We tested persons for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti\u2010HBs) levels 35 years after receiving the primary series. Those with levels &lt;10 mIU\/ml received one booster dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 2\u20134 weeks later and were then evaluated on the basis of anti\u2010HBs measurements 30 days postbooster. Among the 320 recruited, 112 persons had not participated in the 22\u2010 or 30\u2010year follow\u2010up study (group 1), and 208 persons had participated but were not given an HBV booster dose (group 2). Among the 112 persons in group 1 who responded to the original primary series, 53 (47.3%) had an anti\u2010HBs level \u226510 mIU\/ml. Among group 1, 73.7% (28 of 38) of persons available for a booster dose responded to it with an anti\u2010HBs level \u226510 mIU\/ml at 30 days. Initial anti\u2010HBs level after the primary series was correlated with higher anti\u2010HBs levels at 35 years. Among 8 persons who tested positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, none tested positive for HBsAg or HBV DNA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Based on anti\u2010HBs level \u226510 mIU\/ml at 35 years and a 73.7% booster dose response, we estimate that 86% of participants had evidence of protection 35 years later. Booster doses are not needed in the general population at this time.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T15:19:43Z","timestamp":1648048783000},"page":"1180-1189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Protection and antibody levels 35 years after primary series with hepatitis B vaccine and response to a booster dose"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bruden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Hurlburt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Lecy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bulkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenna C.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic Investigations Program,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Anchorage,Alaska,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark K.","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noele","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases,Arctic 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