{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:02:35Z","timestamp":1783051355392,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and aims:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Liver injury may persist in patients with HBV receiving antiviral therapy who have ongoing transcription and translation. We sought to assess ongoing HBV transcription by serum HBV RNA, translation by serum hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg), and their associations with hepatic HBsAg and HBcAg staining in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional study of 110 adults coinfected with HBV and HIV who underwent clinical assessment and liver biopsy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for HBsAg and HBcAg. Viral biomarkers included quantitative HBsAg, HBV RNA, and HBcrAg.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Participants\u2019 median age was 49\u2009years (male, 93%; Black, 51%; HBeAg+, 65%), with suppressed HBV DNA (79%) and undetectable HIV RNA (77%) on dually active antiretroviral therapy. Overall, HBV RNA and HBcrAg were quantifiable in 81% and 83%, respectively (96% and 100% in HBeAg+, respectively). HBcAg staining was detected in 60% and HBsAg in 79%. Higher HBV RNA was associated with higher HBcAg and HBsAg IHC grades (both <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.0001). The HBsAg membranous staining pattern was significantly associated with higher HBV\u2010RNA and HBcrAg levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HBcAg and HBsAg IHC staining persisted despite viral suppression, and IHC grades and staining patterns correlated with markers of transcription (HBV RNA) and translation (HBcrAg). These data indicate that apparent HBV suppression is associated with residual transcription and translation that could contribute to liver pathology. Additional antiviral strategies directed to HBV protein expression may be useful to ameliorate liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T05:18:05Z","timestamp":1656566285000},"page":"594-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["HBV transcription and translation persist despite viral suppression in HBV\u2010HIV co\u2010infected patients on antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Lisker\u2010Melman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Washington University School of Medicine and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdus S.","family":"Wahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2837-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc G.","family":"Ghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond T.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy C.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul K.","family":"Bhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandana","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamta K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Sulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Cloherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics\u2013Abbott Park, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8637-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard K.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32634-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.28.1.66","article-title":"Orcein staining of hepatitis B antigen in paraffin sections of liver biopsies","volume":"28","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"hep32634-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00494074","article-title":"Immunoperoxidase localisation of hepatitis B antigen (HB) in formalin\u2010paraffin processed liver tissue","volume":"44","year":"1975","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"hep32634-bib-0003-20250824","first-page":"252","article-title":"Distribution patterns of hepatitis B antigen in the liver. 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