{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:38:33Z","timestamp":1788554313533,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several characteristic features of the fecal microbiota have been described in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), whereas data on mucosal microbiota are less consistent. We aimed to use a large colonoscopy cohort to investigate key knowledge gaps, including the role of gut microbiota in PSC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the effect of liver transplantation (LT), and whether recurrent PSC (rPSC) may be used to define consistent microbiota features in PSC irrespective of LT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 84 PSC and 51 liver transplanted PSC patients (PSC\u2010LT) and 40 healthy controls (HCs) and performed sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V3\u2013V4) from ileocolonic biopsies. Intraindividual microbial diversity was reduced in both PSC and PSC\u2010LT versus HCs. An expansion of Proteobacteria was more pronounced in PSC\u2010LT (up to 19% relative abundance) than in PSC (up to 11%) and HCs (up to 8%; Q\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). When investigating PSC before (PSC vs. HC) and after LT (rPSC vs. no\u2010rPSC), increased variability (dispersion) in the PSC group was found. Five genera were associated with PSC before and after LT. A dysbiosis index calculated from the five genera, and the presence of the potential pathobiont,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were associated with reduced LT\u2010free survival. Concomitant IBD was associated with reduced\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consistent mucosal microbiota features associated with PSC, PSC\u2010IBD, and disease severity, irrespective of LT status, highlight the usefulness of investigating PSC and rPSC in parallel, and suggest that the impact of gut microbiota on posttransplant liver health should be investigated further.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T09:34:28Z","timestamp":1662197668000},"page":"715-728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["A shared mucosal gut microbiota signature in primary sclerosing cholangitis before and after liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Mikal Jacob","family":"Hole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Kaasen","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peder R.","family":"Braadland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3162-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin Holm","family":"Meyer\u2010Myklestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asle Wilhelm","family":"Medhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4499-0320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dag Henrik","family":"Reikvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"G\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Grzyb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Muri","family":"Boberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom Hemming","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kummen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5900-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes R.","family":"Hov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32773-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.022","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.038","article-title":"Patient age, sex, and inflammatory bowel disease phenotype associate with course of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"152","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0003-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.12.1433","article-title":"Aetiology and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2014a decade of progress?","volume":"32","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0004-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26565","article-title":"Population\u2010based epidemiology, malignancy risk, and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0005-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1421705","article-title":"Risk factors and prognosis for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation: a Nordic Multicentre Study","volume":"53","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0006-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311004","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterised by intestinal dysbiosis independent from IBD","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0007-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4548","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i25.4548","article-title":"Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis","volume":"23","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0008-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310500","article-title":"The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0009-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15375","article-title":"Consistent alterations in faecal microbiomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis independent of associated colitis","volume":"50","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0010-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jju023","article-title":"The mucosa\u2010associated microbiota of PSC patients is characterized by low diversity and low abundance of uncultured Clostridiales II","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0011-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.04.001","article-title":"The gut microbiota: emerging evidence in autoimmune diseases","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0012-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.058","article-title":"Altered gut microbial metabolism of essential nutrients in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"160","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0013-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0333-1","article-title":"Gut pathobionts underlie intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver T helper 17 cell immune response in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0014-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv204","article-title":"Characterization of intestinal microbiota in ulcerative colitis patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0015-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13552","article-title":"The features of mucosa\u2010associated microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"43","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0016-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa021","article-title":"A pilot integrative analysis of colonic gene expression, gut microbiota and immune infiltration in primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2010inflammatory bowel disease: association of disease with bile acid pathways","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0017-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13692","article-title":"Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation is associated with specific changes in the gut microbiome pretransplant\u2014a pilot study","volume":"33","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0018-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1608801","article-title":"The microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis: current evidence and potential concepts","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0019-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The treatment\u2010naive microbiome in new\u2010onset Crohn's disease","volume":"15","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0020-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25046","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbial function following liver transplant","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0021-20250824","article-title":"Gut microbiota of liver transplantation recipients","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0022-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21699","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: clinical characterization in liver transplanted and nontransplanted patients","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0023-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa714","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus\u2010infected immunological nonresponders have colon\u2010restricted gut mucosal immune dysfunction","volume":"225","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0024-20250824","first-page":"2","article-title":"Classification of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"170","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0025-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.29","article-title":"A simple clinical colitis activity index","volume":"43","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0026-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290427","article-title":"Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation","volume":"29","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0027-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313681","article-title":"A novel prognostic model for transplant\u2010free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0028-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","article-title":"Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection","volume":"43","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0029-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50346","article-title":"A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"38","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0030-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)64614-4","article-title":"A revised natural history model for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"75","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0031-20250824","article-title":"Simultaneous purification of DNA and RNA from microbiota in a single colonic mucosal biopsy","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0032-20250824","article-title":"An improved dual\u2010indexing approach for multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0033-20250824","article-title":"BBMerge\u2014accurate paired shotgun read merging via overlap","volume":"12","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0034-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0035-20250824","article-title":"Deblur rapidly resolves single\u2010nucleotide community sequence patterns","volume":"2","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0036-20250824","article-title":"RESCRIPt: reproducible sequence taxonomy reference database management for the masses","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0037-20250824","article-title":"Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker\u2010gene amplicon sequences with QIIME 2's q2\u2010feature\u2010classifier plugin","volume":"6","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0038-20250824","first-page":"D590","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web\u2010based tools","volume":"41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0039-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.11","article-title":"microDecon: a highly accurate read\u2010subtraction tool for the post\u2010sequencing removal of contamination in metabarcoding studies","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental DNA"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0040-20250824","article-title":"Analysis of composition of microbiomes: a novel method for studying microbial composition","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0041-20250824","article-title":"Unifying the analysis of high\u2010throughput sequencing datasets: characterizing RNA\u2010seq, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and selective growth experiments by compositional data analysis","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0042-20250824","article-title":"Fecal microbiome data distinguish liver recipients with normal and abnormal liver function from healthy controls","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0043-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx029","article-title":"A cross\u2010talk between microbiota\u2010derived short\u2010chain fatty acids and the host mucosal immune system regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0044-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1742-x","article-title":"Bacteriophage targeting of gut bacterium attenuates alcoholic liver disease","volume":"575","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0045-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317791","article-title":"Fungi participate in the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"69","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0046-20250824","article-title":"The distinct features of microbial \u2018dysbiosis\u2019 of Crohn's disease do not occur to the same extent in their unaffected, genetically\u2010linked kindred","volume":"12","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0047-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31827fec6d","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of dysbiosis in ulcerative colitis during remission","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0048-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1190073","article-title":"Composition and function of the pediatric colonic mucosal microbiome in untreated patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0049-20250824","article-title":"Mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"2013","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0050-20250824","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from gut microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, protect the progression of dextran sulfate sodium\u2010induced colitis","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep32773-bib-0051-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0495-2","article-title":"Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof\u2010of\u2010concept exploratory study","volume":"25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hep.32773","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hep.32773","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32773","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T22:02:31Z","timestamp":1756072951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.32773","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}