{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:56:03Z","timestamp":1792839363378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>NAFLD has become a major public health problem for more than 2 decades with a growing prevalence in parallel with the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The disease burden of NAFLD differs across geographical regions and ethnicities. Variations in prevalence of metabolic diseases, extent of urban\u2013rural divide, dietary habits, lifestyles, and the prevalence of NAFLD risk and protective alleles can contribute to such differences. The rise in NAFLD has led to a remarkable increase in the number of cases of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic decompensation, and liver\u2010related mortality related to NAFLD. Moreover, NAFLD is associated with multiple extrahepatic manifestations. Most of them are risk factors for the progression of liver fibrosis and thus worsen the prognosis of NAFLD. All these comorbidities and complications affect the quality of life in subjects with NAFLD. Given the huge and growing size of the population with NAFLD, it is expected that patients, healthcare systems, and the economy will suffer from the ongoing burden related to NAFLD. In this review, we examine the disease burden of NAFLD across geographical areas and ethnicities, together with the distribution of some well\u2010known genetic variants for NAFLD. We also describe some special populations including patients with T2D, lean patients, the pediatric population, and patients with concomitant liver diseases. We discuss extrahepatic outcomes, patient\u2010reported outcomes, and economic burden related to NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T04:23:55Z","timestamp":1662351835000},"page":"1404-1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Geographical similarity and differences in the burden and genetic predisposition of NAFLD"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1819-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry Cheuk\u2010Fung","family":"Yip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Data Analytics Center, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1435-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Vilar\u2010Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Petta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey"},{"name":"Liver Research Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Lai\u2010Hung","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Data Analytics Center, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3968-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"de L\u00e9dinghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, H\u00f4pital Haut L\u00e9v\u00eaque, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1312, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5929-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Sookoian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2215-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent Wai\u2010Sun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Data Analytics Center, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep32774-bib-0001-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0002-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","article-title":"Worldwide trends in body\u2010mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population\u2010based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0003-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1171-x","article-title":"Rising rural body\u2010mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults","volume":"569","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0004-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.036","article-title":"Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016\u20102030","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0005-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15673","article-title":"Modelling NAFLD disease burden in four Asian regions\u20102019\u20132030","volume":"51","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0006-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.064","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in the United States","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0007-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.057","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0008-20250824","article-title":"Clinical and patient\u2010reported outcomes from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across the world: data from the Global Non\u2010Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)\/Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Registry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0009-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0010-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1902","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0011-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.034","article-title":"Fibrosis severity as a determinant of cause\u2010specific mortality in patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi\u2010national cohort study","volume":"155","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0012-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"385","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0013-20250824","article-title":"Age and the relative importance of liver\u2010related deaths in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0014-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0015-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.01.017","article-title":"On the proposed definition of metabolic\u2010associated fatty liver disease","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0016-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","article-title":"Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0017-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1862-9088","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current global burden","volume":"42","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0018-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26986","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S","volume":"59","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0019-20250824","article-title":"Quantifying the sex\u2010race\/ethnicity\u2010specific burden of obesity on incident diabetes mellitus in the United States, 2001 to 2016: MESA and NHANES","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0020-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws448","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"178","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0021-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle\u2010aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study","volume":"140","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0022-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity","volume":"40","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0023-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2010meta\u2010analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0024-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13069","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics and mortality outcomes of obese, nonobese and lean NAFLD in the United States, 1999\u20132016","volume":"288","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0025-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-09926-z","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity\u2010based temporal changes in prevalence of NAFLD\u2010related advanced fibrosis in the United States, 2005\u20132016","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0026-20250824","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD detected by vibration controlled transient elastography among US adults: results from NHANES 2017\u20132018","volume":"16","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0027-20250824","article-title":"Prevalence of high\u2010risk nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the United States: results from NHANES 2017\u20102018","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0028-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.02.034","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis in a large middle\u2010aged US cohort","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0029-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.010","article-title":"Trends in the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a United States cohort of veterans","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0030-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.02.031","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive fibrosis scores in a population of individuals with a low prevalence of fibrosis","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0031-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.046","article-title":"Impact of the new definition of metabolic associated fatty liver disease on the epidemiology of the disease","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0032-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long\u2010term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0033-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.06.034","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and young adults is associated with increased long\u2010term mortality","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0034-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease\u2010specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33\u2009years of follow\u2010up","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0035-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23314","article-title":"Decreased survival of subjects with elevated liver function tests during a 28\u2010year follow\u2010up","volume":"51","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0036-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0037-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"129","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0038-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.05.001","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Latinos","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0039-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.759","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk factors in Latin American populations: current scenario and perspectives","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0040-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802007000600006","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian middle\u2010aged and older adults","volume":"125","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0041-20250824","first-page":"235","article-title":"Prevalence of liver steatosis in abdominal ultrasound","volume":"22","year":"2003","journal-title":"GED"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0042-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.11.021","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance in a young Hispanic population","volume":"52","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0043-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01823.x","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with obesity, insulin resistance and increased serum levels of C\u2010reactive protein in Hispanics","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0044-20250824","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence in Latin America: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0045-20250824","first-page":"453","article-title":"Prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in asymtomatics subjects","volume":"71","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0046-20250824","first-page":"446","article-title":"Frequency of NAFLD in a group of patients with metabolic syndrome in Veracruz, Mexico","volume":"71","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0047-20250824","article-title":"NAFLD: challenges and opportunities to address the public health problem in Latin America","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0048-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00008-5","article-title":"The establishment of public health policies and the burden of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Americas","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0049-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31584-4","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Brazil. Clinical and histological profile","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0050-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1381\/0960892055002347","article-title":"Predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese patients undergoing gastric bypass","volume":"15","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0051-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1235","article-title":"A rare nonsense mutation in the glucokinase regulator gene is associated with a rapidly progressive clinical form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"2","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0052-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.5282","article-title":"The expression of PNPLA3 polymorphism could be the key for severe liver disease in NAFLD in Hispanic population","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0053-20250824","article-title":"Diabetes in Latin America: prevalence, complications, and socio\u2010economic impact","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Clin Res"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0054-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.03.007","article-title":"A Latin American survey on demographic aspects of hospitalized, decompensated cirrhotic patients and the resources for their management","volume":"19","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0055-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i1.41","article-title":"Fatty liver disease, an emerging etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Argentina","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0056-20250824","article-title":"2019 global NAFLD prevalence: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0057-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15171","article-title":"The burden of NAFLD in type 2 diabetic subjects from the general population: a Nationwide population\u2010based follow\u2010up study (NASHCO)","volume":"42","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0058-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02823.x","article-title":"Heritability of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and association with abnormal vascular parameters: a twin study","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0059-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13743","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by transient elastography: genetic and metabolic risk factors in a general population","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0060-20250824","article-title":"Subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross\u2010sectional study of a random population sample aged 18 to 65\u2009years","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0061-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.12.048","article-title":"High prevalence of liver fibrosis among European adults with unknown liver disease: a population\u2010based study","volume":"16","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0062-20250824","article-title":"Hospitalization costs and risk of mortality in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: analysis of a French national hospital database","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0063-20250824","article-title":"Disease severity predicts higher healthcare costs among hospitalized nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD\/NASH) patients in Spain","volume":"99","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0064-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.016","article-title":"Healthcare resource utilization and costs of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients with advanced liver disease in Italy","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0065-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21827","article-title":"Incidence and natural course of fatty liver in the general population: the Dionysos study","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0066-20250824","article-title":"Prevalence of liver fibrosis and risk factors in a general population using non\u2010invasive biomarkers (FibroTest)","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0067-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.221382","article-title":"Transient elastography as a screening tool for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in a community\u2010based population aged over 45\u2009years","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0068-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27981","article-title":"Presence of diabetes mellitus and steatosis is associated with liver stiffness in a general population: the Rotterdam study","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0069-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30419-4","article-title":"Prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis in young adults in the UK: a population\u2010based study","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0070-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15016","article-title":"NR1H4 rs35724 G>C variant modulates liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0071-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14898","article-title":"Definite and indeterminate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis share similar clinical features and prognosis: a longitudinal study of 1893 biopsy\u2010proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease subjects","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0072-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.08.011","article-title":"Hepatocellular cancer: the impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0073-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14261","article-title":"Temporal trends, clinical patterns and outcomes of NAFLD\u2010related HCC in patients undergoing liver resection over a 20\u2010year period","volume":"46","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0074-20250824","article-title":"NAFLD and MAFLD as emerging causes of HCC: a populational study","volume":"3","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0075-20250824","article-title":"Epidemiological trends and trajectories of MAFLD\u2010associated hepatocellular carcinoma 2002\u20102033: the ITA.LI.CA database","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0076-20250824","article-title":"Trends and the course of liver cirrhosis and its complications in Germany: nationwide population\u2010based study (2005 to 2018)","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0077-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.011","article-title":"Outcomes of liver transplantation for non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis: a European Liver Transplant Registry study","volume":"71","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0078-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","article-title":"Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD","volume":"72","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0079-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30039-1","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999\u20102019: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0080-20250824","article-title":"Prevalence trends in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease at the global, regional and national levels, 1990\u20132017: a population\u2010based observational study","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0081-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9359-2","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in a multiracial suburban Asian population in Malaysia","volume":"7","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0082-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12114","article-title":"Association between non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease evaluated by transient elastography with extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in a multiethnic Asian community","volume":"3","year":"2019","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0083-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gov047","article-title":"Perceptions of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014an Asian community\u2010based study","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0084-20250824","first-page":"213","article-title":"Development of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease scoring system among adult medical check\u2010up patients: a large cross\u2010sectional and prospective validation study","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0085-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30702","article-title":"Unexpected rapid increase in the burden of NAFLD in China from 2008 to 2018: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0086-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31150","article-title":"Epidemiological features of NAFLD from 1999 to 2018 in China","volume":"71","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0087-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300342","article-title":"Prevalence of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0088-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10143-4","article-title":"The epidemiology of NAFLD and lean NAFLD in Japan: a meta\u2010analysis with individual and forecasting analysis, 1995\u20132040","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0089-20250824","first-page":"154","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Asia","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0091-20250824","article-title":"Systematic review on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea","volume":"45","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0092-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2021.0104","article-title":"Clinicopathological profile and outcome of a large cohort of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from South Asia: interim results of the Indian Consortium on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0093-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13857","article-title":"Asia\u2010Pacific Working Party on Non\u2010alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease guidelines 2017\u2010Part 1: definition, risk factors and assessment","volume":"33","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0094-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1159\/000514953","article-title":"NASH\/liver fibrosis prevalence and incidence of nonliver comorbidities among people with NAFLD and incidence of NAFLD by metabolic comorbidities: lessons from South Korea","volume":"39","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0095-20250824","article-title":"Influence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with increased liver enzyme levels on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0096-20250824","article-title":"The incidence trends of liver cirrhosis caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via the GBD study 2017","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0097-20250824","first-page":"140","article-title":"Association between non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer incidence rate","volume":"68","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0098-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30784","article-title":"The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in different risk stratifications of clinically noncirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"141","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0099-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.327","article-title":"Large\u2010scale long\u2010term follow\u2010up study of Japanese patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease for the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"107","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0100-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.024","article-title":"Asian perspective on NAFLD\u2010associated HCC","volume":"76","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"hep32774-bib-0101-20250824","first-page":"17","article-title":"Relative etiological role of prior hepatitis B virus infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the development of non\u2010B non\u2010C hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B\u2010endemic area","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0102-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00381-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of NAFLD\u2010related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0103-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-014-0973-8","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of non\u2010B, non\u2010C hepatocellular carcinoma: a large retrospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"50","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0104-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1532-5","article-title":"A nationwide survey on non\u2010B, non\u2010C hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: 2011\u20132015 update","volume":"54","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0105-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5331-x","article-title":"Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cryptogenic versus hepatitis B etiology: a study of 1079 cases over 3 decades","volume":"64","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0106-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000588","article-title":"Positive hepatitis B core antibody is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"115","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0107-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001174","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2010associated hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B virus\u2010endemic area","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0108-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.022","article-title":"Burden of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa: data from Global Burden of Disease 2009\u20132019","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0109-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_122_18","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden\u2014Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017\u20132030","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0110-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01311.x","article-title":"Prevalence of primary non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in a population\u2010based study and its association with biochemical and anthropometric measures","volume":"26","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0111-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000331591","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of two ethnic groups in Kuwait: comparison of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0112-20250824","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis among young adults in Egypt","volume":"8","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0113-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2021.20062","article-title":"The changing prevalence of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Turkey in the last decade","volume":"32","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0114-20250824","first-page":"111","article-title":"The prevalence of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy young persons","volume":"3","year":"2016","journal-title":"North Clin Istanb"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0115-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000681","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in apparently healthy medical students: a transient elastography study on the basis of a controlled attenuation parameter","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0116-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.288","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of Saudi patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a hospital\u2010based study","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0117-20250824","first-page":"576","article-title":"Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk for fatty liver disease among non\u2010obese adults","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0118-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.07.040","article-title":"Spectrum of liver diseases in patients referred for Fibroscan: a single center experience in the Middle East","volume":"57","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0119-20250824","first-page":"37","article-title":"The prevalence of metabolic\u2010associated fatty liver disease in the Turkish population: a multicenter study","volume":"2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Forum"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0120-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S300051","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic characteristics of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease patients in Saudi Arabia: data from the Systematic Observatory Liver Disease (SOLID) Registry","volume":"14","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0121-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2018.18559","article-title":"Screening for hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a transient elastography study","volume":"30","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0122-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2019.19072","article-title":"Growing burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Turkey: a single\u2010center experience","volume":"30","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0123-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000512746","article-title":"Natural history of cirrhosis: changing trends in etiology over the years","volume":"39","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0124-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0125-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00275-2","article-title":"Epidemiology, risk factors, social determinants of health, and current management for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in sub\u2010Saharan Africa","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0126-20250824","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Ho Municipality: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0127-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.1422","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Western Cape: a descriptive analysis","volume":"100","year":"2010","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0128-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1991792","article-title":"Current epidemiology in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0129-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3399566","article-title":"Epidemiology of liver cancer in Africa: current and future trends","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0130-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51096","article-title":"Prevalence of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in regional Victoria: a prospective population\u2010based study","volume":"215","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0131-20250824","article-title":"A problem of proportions: estimates of metabolic associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis in Australian adults in the nationwide 2012 AusDiab Study","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0132-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24097","article-title":"Gender\u2010specific differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines influence adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0133-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1828","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"6","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0135-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body\u2010mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population\u2010based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants","volume":"387","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0136-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12398","article-title":"Noncommunicable diseases and risk factors in adult populations of several Pacific Islands: results from the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0137-20250824","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of NAFLD\/NASH among children, adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2017: a population\u2010based observational study","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0138-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.013","article-title":"Long\u2010term liver\u2010related outcomes of patients with chronic liver diseases in Australia","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0139-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1486","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: interface between primary care and hepatology clinics","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0140-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13973","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease patients attending two metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne, Australia: high risk status and low prevalence","volume":"48","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0141-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1852","article-title":"Predicting liver\u2010related outcomes in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the prognostic value of noninvasive fibrosis tests","volume":"6","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0142-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13739","article-title":"Diabetes impacts prediction of cirrhosis and prognosis by non\u2010invasive fibrosis models in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0143-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30163","article-title":"ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO\u2010C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0144-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25361","article-title":"Increasing incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as an indication for liver transplantation in Australia and New Zealand","volume":"25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0145-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000916","article-title":"Rate of nonsurveillance and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma at diagnosis in chronic liver disease","volume":"52","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0146-20250824","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia","volume":"36","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0147-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15009","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden: Australia, 2019\u20132030","volume":"35","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0148-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20102017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0149-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1679920","article-title":"Genetics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutics","volume":"39","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0150-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31229","article-title":"Genetic pathways in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: insights from systems biology","volume":"72","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0151-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24283","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin\u2010like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0152-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0153-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712191","article-title":"A protein\u2010truncating HSD17B13 variant and protection from chronic liver disease","volume":"378","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0154-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.003","article-title":"Genome\u2010wide association study of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort","volume":"73","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0155-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30350","article-title":"17\u2010beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 is a hepatic retinol dehydrogenase associated with histological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0156-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P089953","article-title":"Splice variant rs72613567 prevents worst histologic outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0157-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0162","article-title":"Loss\u2010of\u2010function HSD17B13 variants, non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis and adverse liver outcomes: results from a multi\u2010ethnic Asian cohort","volume":"27","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0158-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26440","article-title":"Characterization of European ancestry nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2010associated variants in individuals of African and Hispanic descent","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0160-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"71","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0161-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309265","article-title":"Screening diabetic patients for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease with controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements: a prospective cohort study","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0162-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31142","article-title":"Serial transient elastography examinations to monitor patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"72","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0163-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.024","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"155","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0164-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31576","article-title":"ABIDE: an accurate predictive model of liver decompensation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver\u2010related cirrhosis","volume":"73","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0165-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.06.003","article-title":"New trends on obesity and NAFLD in Asia","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0166-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0007-3","article-title":"Evaluating feasibility and accuracy of non\u2010invasive tests for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in severe and morbid obesity","volume":"42","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0167-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312238","article-title":"Systematic review of bariatric surgery liver biopsies clarifies the natural history of liver disease in patients with severe obesity","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0168-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14506","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across the Asia Pacific region\u2010the GO ASIA initiative","volume":"47","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0169-20250824","article-title":"A prospective 5\u2010year study on the use of transient elastography to monitor the improvement of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease following bariatric surgery","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0170-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021423","article-title":"Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults","volume":"348","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0171-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.08.011","article-title":"Beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in non\u2010obese patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0172-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15078","article-title":"Association of genetic variations with NAFLD in lean individuals","volume":"42","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0173-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20127","article-title":"Recent epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0174-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.235","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in non\u2010obese patients: a population study using proton\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"110","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0175-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322564","article-title":"Caucasian lean subjects with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease share long\u2010term prognosis of non\u2010lean: time for reappraisal of BMI\u2010driven approach?","volume":"71","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0176-20250824","article-title":"Non\u2010obese non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asia: an international registry study","volume":"126","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0177-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31859-6","article-title":"Height and body\u2010mass index trajectories of school\u2010aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population\u2010based studies with 65 million participants","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0178-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1627456","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0179-20250824","article-title":"Estimating global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease in overweight or obese children and adolescents: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"66","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0180-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1212","article-title":"Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents","volume":"118","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0181-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.06.048","article-title":"Prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis detected by transient elastography in adolescents in the 2017\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0182-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.171280","article-title":"The natural history of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: a follow\u2010up study for up to 20\u2009years","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0183-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36370","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 is cytopathic to hepatocytes: reversal of hepatic steatosis after sustained therapeutic response","volume":"36","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0184-20250824","article-title":"Wilson disease","volume":"4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0185-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.069757","article-title":"Steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: why does it really matter?","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0186-20250824","article-title":"Concurrence and impact of hepatic steatosis on chronic hepatitis B patients: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0187-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.09.013","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection and fatty liver in the general population","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0188-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22701","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis is associated with increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C\u2010related cirrhosis","volume":"109","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0189-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13536","article-title":"Concurrent fatty liver increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"32","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0190-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30857","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with liver\u2010related outcomes and all\u2010cause mortality in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"71","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0191-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.11.033","article-title":"Effects of alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome on mortality in patients with nonalcoholic and alcohol\u2010related fatty liver disease","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0192-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.06.036","article-title":"Combined effects of alcohol and metabolic disorders in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0193-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21882","article-title":"Cofactors associated with liver disease mortality in an HBsAg\u2010positive Mediterranean cohort: 20\u2009years of follow\u2010up","volume":"119","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0194-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324191","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased risk of incident extrahepatic cancers: a meta\u2010analysis of observational cohort studies","volume":"71","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0195-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323082","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta\u2010analysis","volume":"71","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0196-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.02.037","article-title":"Muscle fat content is strongly associated with NASH: a longitudinal study in patients with morbid obesity","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0197-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13889","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with severe liver fibrosis in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"45","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0198-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01755-0","article-title":"Risk of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: an updated systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0199-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.045","article-title":"Testosterone is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in premenopausal women with NAFLD","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0200-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14279","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with NASH severity and advanced fibrosis","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0201-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.049","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes","volume":"73","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0202-20250824","first-page":"121","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and low\u2010normal thyroid function are associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis","volume":"16","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0203-20250824","first-page":"151","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with psoriasis: a review of the hepatic effects of systemic therapies","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psoriasis (Auckl)"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0204-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15395","article-title":"Depression is associated with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States","volume":"50","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0205-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.030","article-title":"Association of hepatic steatosis with major adverse cardiovascular events, independent of coronary artery disease","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0206-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16575","article-title":"Review article: non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0207-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.12.026","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in a prospective study","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0208-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.04.018","article-title":"PROs of patient\u2010reported outcomes for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and effects on treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0209-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03426.x","article-title":"Health\u2010related quality of life in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0210-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22868","article-title":"Quality of life in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: baseline data from the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis clinical research network","volume":"49","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0211-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.02.024","article-title":"Reduced patient\u2010reported outcome scores associate with level of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0212-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13706","article-title":"Improvement of hepatic fibrosis and patient\u2010reported outcomes in non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis treated with selonsertib","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0213-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14198","article-title":"Referral pathways for patients with NAFLD based on non\u2010invasive fibrosis tests: diagnostic accuracy and cost analysis","volume":"39","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0214-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13535","article-title":"Modelling the economic and clinical burden of non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis in East Asia: data from Hong Kong","volume":"50","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0215-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10182-x","article-title":"Clinical and economic burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Kuwait","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0216-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.025","article-title":"The global NAFLD policy review and preparedness index: are countries ready to address this silent public health challenge?","volume":"76","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0217-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0218-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1599","article-title":"The growing burden of disability related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: data from the global burden of disease 2007\u20132017","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0219-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.049","article-title":"Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"161","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0220-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00477-7","article-title":"Defining comprehensive models of care for NAFLD","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep32774-bib-0221-20250824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw643","article-title":"Visualizing the geography of genetic variants","volume":"33","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hep.32774","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hep.32774","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T22:10:28Z","timestamp":1756073428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1002\/hep.32774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"references-count":218,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.32774","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-15","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}