{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:23:00Z","timestamp":1775283780149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":7062,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>It would be desirable to develop antiviral agents that can be targeted to liver to enhance their antiviral effects and reduce nonhepatic toxicity. 2\u2032,3\u2032-Dideoxyguanosine (ddG) has been found to be a potent and selective antihepatitis B agent both <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>. To evaluate ddG and its liver-targeted analog, we synthesized a series of phosphatidyl-ddGs and incubated them with 2.2.15 cells, which chronically produce hepatitis B virus. 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl- dideoxyguanosine (DPP-ddG) inhibited the production of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the culture medium by 90% at 4.5 mumol\/L versus 9.1 mumol\/L for ddG, while the liposome vehicle itself had no effect. To compare the efficacy of free ddG with its lipid prodrug <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>, we treated woodchucks that were experimentally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal injection of 2.6 mumol\/kg\/d of free ddG or liposomes containing 2.6 mumol\/kg\/d of DPP- ddG. Liposomal DPP-ddG reduced serum WHV DNA by 23- to 46-fold at the end of the fourth week, while free ddG reduced serum WHV DNA by 2.2- to 10.4-fold. Treatment with small unilamellar liposomes containing DPP- ddG is substantially more effective than free ddG in reducing WHV-DNA levels in serum in WHV-infected woodchucks. The data suggest that the use of lipid prodrugs to target the liver may be useful in enhancing antiviral therapy of hepatitis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,11]],"date-time":"2004-11-11T23:47:24Z","timestamp":1100216844000},"page":"958-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Liver-targeted antiviral nucleosides: Enhanced antiviral activity of phosphatidyl-dideoxyguanosine versus dideoxyguanosine in woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"B A","family":"Korba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K N","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W E","family":"Hornbuckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Gerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B C","family":"Tennant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K Y","family":"Hostetler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.510230503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199605000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:24:19Z","timestamp":1733052259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199605000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.510230503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}}}