{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:09:27Z","timestamp":1789002567129,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":6332,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Thymosin \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (T\u03b1) is an immune modifier that has been shown in a pilot study to be effective for chronic hepatitis B; this requires confirmation. Ninety-eight patients with clinicopathologically proven chronic hepatitis B were randomly allocated to 3 groups: 1) group A received a 26-week course of T\u03b1 with a 1.6-mg subcutaneous injection two times a week (T<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> group); 2) group B received the same regimen as group A, but T\u03b1 therapy extended for 52 weeks (T<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> group); and 3) group C served as a control group and was followed up for 18 months without specific treatment (T<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> group). The three groups were comparable in clinicohistological features at entry. The complete virological response rate (clearance of serum hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA and hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]) was higher in group A (40.6%) and group B (26.5%) than in group C (9.4%) (group A vs. group C: <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = .004; group B vs. group C: <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = .068) when assessed 18 months after entry, although complete response rates among these three groups were similar when first assessed at the end of therapy. There was a trend for complete virological response to increase or accumulate gradually after the end of T\u03b1 therapy. None of the responders lost hepatitis B surface antigen. Blinded histological assessment showed a significant improvement in treated patients, particularly in lobular necroinflammation and scores excluding fibrosis. No significant side effects were observed. These results suggest that a 26-week course of T\u03b1 therapy is effective and safe in patients with chronic hepatitis B.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,27]],"date-time":"2004-07-27T23:52:40Z","timestamp":1090972360000},"page":"1383-1387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Efficacy of thymosin \u03b11 in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A randomized, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Rong-Nan","family":"Chien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Fan","family":"Liaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse-Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau-Ting","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.-Shyan","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"BIB1","first-page":"40","volume":"24","author":"Szmuness","year":"1978","journal-title":"Prog Med Virol"},{"key":"BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80114-0","volume":"84","author":"Liaw","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050315","volume":"5","author":"Chu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080310","volume":"8","author":"Liaw","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90919-4","volume":"90","author":"Liaw","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01316785","volume":"38","author":"Perrillo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BIB7","first-page":"s1","volume":"94","author":"Chien","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008023230503","volume":"323","author":"Perrillo","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s108","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90174-P","volume":"11","author":"Fevery","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92355-0","volume":"2","author":"Lok","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90337-X","volume":"102","author":"Lok","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80055-8","volume":"20","author":"Liaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"BIB13","first-page":"27","volume":"6","author":"Low","year":"1984","journal-title":"Thymus"},{"key":"BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140302","volume":"14","author":"Mutchick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB15","first-page":"a1127","volume":"108","author":"Mutchnick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00942.x","volume":"4","author":"Liaw","year":"1984","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890270404","volume":"27","author":"Kuhns","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010511","volume":"1","author":"Knodell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB19","first-page":"774","volume":"24","author":"Andreone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890210105","volume":"21","author":"Eichberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3462-4_11","volume":"312","author":"Gerin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90863-8","volume":"92","author":"Chu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070622","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118450","volume":"97","author":"Tsai","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840220405","volume":"22","author":"Marinos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.2.539","volume":"139","author":"Ferrari","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.6.2050","volume":"139","author":"Ferrari","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040428","volume":"11","author":"Milich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"BIB29","first-page":"143","volume":"3","author":"Liaw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Viral Hep Rev"},{"key":"BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80295-2","volume":"4","author":"Guidotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12398","volume":"92","author":"Tsui","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"BIB32","first-page":"357a","volume":"26","author":"Leung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.510270527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199805000-00027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T18:17:09Z","timestamp":1729275429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199805000-00027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.510270527","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}}}