{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T02:14:06Z","timestamp":1788488046270,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":6301,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 311), Bonn, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title\/><jats:p>Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) usually require immunosuppressive therapy for many years, if not for a lifetime. Experimental immunotherapy such as T-cell vaccination aims at manipulating the immune system in such a way that autoimmunity is specifically regulated to enable long-lasting correction of the disease process. We aimed to test the feasibility of T-cell vaccination as well as conventional immunosuppression in the murine model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH). EAH was induced in 5- to 7-week-old BALB\/c mice by immunization with syngeneic liver homogenate in complete Freund\u2019s adjuvant. For T-cell vaccination, splenocytes were removed from animals 14 days after induction of EAH and from control animals, and activated<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>by mitogen stimulation with Concanavalin A (Con A). Activated T cells were irradiated and injected at 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>cells per animal as T-cell vaccine. Immunosuppression in control animals was performed with prednisolone with or without azathioprine. T-cell vaccination with T cells from EAH animals, but not with irrelevant T cells, was able to protect animals from EAH, reducing the average disease severity from 2.2 (\u00b10.3) to 0.5 (\u00b10.3) (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .01). T-cell vaccination was also able to treat EAH, because application of the vaccine 2 weeks after induction of the disease significantly reduced disease activity at week 4 from 2.4 (\u00b10.4) to 1.1 (\u00b10.2) (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05). Both passive transfer of disease and the capacity to protect by T-cell vaccination was mediated by CD4 T cells. Specific cellular recognition of activated disease-inducing T cells could be detected in vaccinated animals. Immunosuppressive drugs could also suppress EAH. Thus, T-cell vaccination in EAH is feasible and effective. Stimulation of a regulatory T-cell network is the likely mechanism of action by which T-cell vaccination can suppress EAH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,27]],"date-time":"2004-07-27T23:53:37Z","timestamp":1090972417000},"page":"1536-1543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Suppression of murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis by T-cell vaccination or immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ansgar W.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Dienes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Hermann Meyer zum","family":"B\u00fcschenfelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040436","article-title":"The natural course and heterogeneity of autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB2|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604043341406","article-title":"Autoimmune Hepatitis","volume":"334","author":"Krawitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510123331512","article-title":"Autoimmune Hepatitis","volume":"333","author":"Meyer zum B\u00fcschenfelde","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB4|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040443","article-title":"Therapeutic concepts for the management of idiopathic autoimmune chronic hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Maddrey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB5|cit5","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Autoimmune Liver Diseases","author":"Czaja","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(83)90032-4","article-title":"Vaccination against experimental disease with lines of autoimmune T lymphocytes","volume":"4","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195293","article-title":"Immunoregulation: studies of physiological and therapeutic autoreactivity by T cell vaccination","volume":"14","author":"Lohse","year":"1992","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510270611-BIB8|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohse AW Cohen IR Experimental regulation of autoimmune disease. 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