{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:10:35Z","timestamp":1769771435868,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5936,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>During the past few years, the biological functions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been extensively re\u2013evaluated. This has been found to be protein involved in broad\u2013spectrum pathophysiological states as an inflammatory cytokine, pituitary\u2013derived hormone, and glucocorticoid\u2013induced immunomodulator. In this study, we investigated the involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of lethal liver injury. Injecting a small dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into bacille Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG)\u2013primed Jcl:ICR mice caused a lethal hepatic injury mimicking fulminant hepatitis, in which 8 of 11 mice died within 48 hours (27% survival rate). Massive necrosis of parenchymal hepatocytes with marked mononuclear cell infiltration was observed by histological examination. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that most of the infiltrating mononuclear cells were Kupffer cells, macrophages, and, to a lesser extent, T cells. In parallel, serum aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 (TNF\u2013\u03b1) levels were increased. When an anti\u2013MIF polyclonal antibody (0.3 mg IgG fraction\/mouse) was intraperitoneally injected into mice primed with BCG, it protected them from acute hepatic failure (90% survival rate) with concomitant improvement of histological features. Injection of the antibody also suppressed the up\u2013regulation of TNF\u2013\u03b1 and T\u2013cell infiltration induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggested that treatment with the anti\u2013MIF antibody suppresses the endotoxin\u2013induced fatal hepatic failure by regulating production of inflammatory cytokines and T\u2013cell infiltration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,28]],"date-time":"2004-07-28T07:25:40Z","timestamp":1090999540000},"page":"1752-1759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Prevention of Lethal Acute Hepatic Failure by Antimacrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Antibody in Mice Treated With Bacille Calmette\u2013Guerin and 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