{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:21:23Z","timestamp":1774938083470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5906,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>TT virus (TTV) has been proposed as the causative agent of non-A to E hepatitis. We studied the association between TTV viremia and biochemical evidence of hepatitis in blood donors and prospectively-followed patients. TTV was found in 7.5% of 402 donors and in 11.0% of 347 patients before transfusion. The rate of new TTV infections was 4.7% in 127 nontransfused, and 26.4% in 182 transfused patients (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .0001). The risk of infection increased with the number of units transfused (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .0001). The rate of new TTV infections in 13 patients with non-A to E hepatitis (23.2%) was almost identical to the rate in 124 patients who were transfused, but did not develop hepatitis (21.8%). Of 45 patients with acute hepatitis C, 40.0% were simultaneously infected with TTV. TTV did not worsen the biochemical severity (mean ALT: 537 in TTV+; 550 in TTV\u2212) or persistence of hepatitis C. In non-A to E cases, the mean ALT was 182 in those TTV-positive and 302 in TTV-negatives. No consistent relationship between alanine transaminase level and TTV DNA level was observed in 4 patients with long-term, sequential samples. Of 21 viremic subjects, 67% cleared TTV within 5 years (38% in 1 year); 33% were viremic throughout follow-up extending to 22 years. We conclude that TTV is a very common, often persistent infection that is transmitted by transfusion and by undefined nosocomial routes. We found no association between TTV and non-A to E hepatitis and no effect of TTV on the severity or duration of coexistent hepatitis C. TTV may not be a primary hepatitis virus<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,28]],"date-time":"2004-07-28T07:26:03Z","timestamp":1090999563000},"page":"283-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Transfusion-associated TT virus infection and its relationship to liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai 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