{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:19:18Z","timestamp":1761153558042,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5906,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>In a 4-year follow-up study, patients with acute sporadic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis were evaluated to determine the etiology and natural history of the disease. Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) was detected in 13 of 43 (30%) of patients, anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG in 5 (12%), and 25 (58%) were considered non-A-E. The HCV RNA was detected in all HCV patients but none of the non-A-E cases. The initial clinical and biochemical presentation of the HCV and non-A-E cases was quite similar, although 2 of the non-A-E patients had severe disease. The 5 patients who were found to be anti-HEV IgG-reactive recovered within 6 months of follow-up. Of the 13 HCV cases, alanine transaminase (ALT) levels returned to normal in 7 (53.8%), while 6 (46.2%) continued to show abnormal ALT after 6 months of follow-up. However, 9 (69.2%) of them remained HCV-RNA-positive, denoting virological\/biochemical dissociation. Long-term follow-up showed a reappearance of HCV RNA in 2 of the 4 patients who were in virological remission performing 84% of chronicity rate. Acute non-A-E hepatitis patients were less likely to evolve toward chronicity, as compared with acute HCV cases (16% vs. 84%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = .0001). Only 4 (16%) of the non-A-E patients were hepatitis G virus (HGV)-RNA-positive. Concerning risk factors for acquiring parenterally transmitted viruses, tattooing was the only one that could be associated with HCV transmission (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = .002). No risk factors could be identified for putative non-A-E virus transmission. Liver biopsies performed for chronic HCV patients showed a variable degree of inflammation, while the non-A-E patients presented less severe histological disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,28]],"date-time":"2004-07-28T07:26:03Z","timestamp":1090999563000},"page":"289-293","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Acute sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Northeastern Brazil: Etiology and natural history"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Raymundo","family":"Paran\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Vitvitski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zilton","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Trepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helma","family":"Cotrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Bertillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irismar R.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510300143-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007268","article-title":"Non-A Non-B hepatitis unrelated to hepatitis C virus","volume":"15","author":"Alter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.510300143-BIB2|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1994.tb04539.x","article-title":"Transfusion transmitted hepatitis C and non-A non-B non-C","volume":"67","author":"Alter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/hep.510300143-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200704","article-title":"Indications for 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