{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T01:34:02Z","timestamp":1771983242712,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main cause of mortality in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH). We determined the impact of surveillance and treatments on long\u2010term outcomes in patients with CVH who developed HCC. Between 1984 and 2014, 333 patients with HCC and with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection were evaluated. An adjusted lead time bias interval was added to patients with HCC who presented with HCC (no surveillance), and their survival was compared to patients whose HCC was detected by surveillance. After HCC treatments, survival rates within and beyond 3 years of follow\u2010up were compared. In 175 (53%) patients, HCC was detected through surveillance using alpha\u2010fetoprotein and abdominal ultrasound examinations. Compared to 158 (47%) patients with HCC who had no surveillance, more patients with HCC detected by surveillance received surgical and locoregional treatments (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.0001 to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and their 1\u2010, 3\u2010, and 5\u2010year overall and disease\u2010free survival rates were significantly higher (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.001 for both). During the first 3 years of follow\u2010up, patients with HCC receiving liver transplantation had similar survival rates as those with liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA); however, due to HCC recurrence, survival in resection and RFA patients became significantly less when followed beyond 3 years (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.001 to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.04). Factors associated with mortality included tumors beyond University of California at San Francisco criteria (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.0001), Child\u2010Pugh class B and C (HR, 1.58\u20102.26; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.043 to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.015, respectively), alpha\u2010fetoprotein per log ng\/mL increase (HR, 1.30; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.0001), previous antiviral therapy in hepatitis B virus patients (HR, 0.62; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.032), and treatments other than liver transplantation (HR, 2.38\u20106.45; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic> 0.0001 to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.003).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n                           <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Patients with HCC detected by surveillance had prolonged survival. Due to HCC recurrence, survival rates after liver resection and RFA were lower when followed beyond 3 years after treatments. (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hepatology Communications<\/jats:italic> 2017;1:595\u2013608)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T07:32:44Z","timestamp":1498030364000},"page":"595-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Long\u2010term survival after surveillance and treatment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Myron J.","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Huntington Medical Research Institutes,Pasadena,CA"},{"name":"Pfleger Liver Institute, Division of Digestive Diseases,Los Angeles,CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Rosinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Huntington Medical Research Institutes,Pasadena,CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claiborne T.","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Huntington Medical Research Institutes,Pasadena,CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiologic Sciences,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California,Los Angeles,CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.K.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiologic Sciences,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California,Los Angeles,CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep41047-bib-0001-20240114","first-page":"311","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a global 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