{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:11:01Z","timestamp":1790115061229,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510358400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Only a subset of subjects with excessive alcohol consumption develops alcoholic liver disease (ALD). One of the major risk factors for ALD is the genetic variant of the patatin\u2010like phospholipase domain\u2010containing protein 3 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>) gene. Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages, and coffee consumption has been associated with lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of coffee drinking and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> rs738409 and their association with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) in a well\u2010characterized cohort of subjects from the Translational Research and Evolving Alcoholic Hepatitis Treatment consortium. AH subjects and heavy drinking controls without a history of liver disease who were enrolled between May 2013 and May 2016 were included (n = 339), and the details of alcohol and coffee consumption were assessed. The <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> variant was determined among participants of European ancestry (n = 183). Relationships between baseline data and AH status were determined, and multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed. During the study period, 189 cases with AH and 150 heavy drinking controls were prospectively enrolled. The prevalence of regular coffee consumption was significantly lower in patients with AH compared to controls (20% versus 43%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.0001). The overall minor allele frequency of the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> variant was higher in AH cases. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that coffee consumption and PNPLA3 were significantly associated with AH status at baseline after adjusting for relevant patient characteristics. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> We found a higher prevalence of AH among heavy drinkers with <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> G\/G and G\/C genotypes regardless of coffee consumption status and a higher prevalence of AH among heavy drinkers who were not regular coffee drinkers. These findings remained after considering relevant baseline patient characteristics. Further studies are needed to confirm our observation. 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Fairbanks School of Public Health,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry P.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. 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