{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T16:26:59Z","timestamp":1777307219490,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>B cells express an antigen\u2010specific B\u2010cell receptor (BCR) and may contribute to liver inflammation by recognizing shared antigens in the gut and liver. Herein, we used high\u2010throughput BCR sequencing of the immunoglobulin heavy chain, specifically the complementarity\u2010determining region 3 (CDR3), to characterize the B\u2010cell repertoire of freshly\u2010frozen paired gut and liver tissue samples from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and concurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (PSC\u2010IBD, n = 10) and paired formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded (FFPE) tumor\u2010adjacent normal colon and liver tissue from patients with colorectal liver metastases (controls, n = 10). We observed significantly greater numbers of B cells (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and unique B\u2010cell clonotypes (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in gut samples compared to liver samples of patients with PSC\u2010IBD, whereas BCR sequences in FFPE normal gut and liver samples were nearly absent (14 \u00b1 5 clonotypes; mean \u00b1 SD; n = 20). In PSC\u2010IBD, an average of 8.3% (range, 1.6%\u201018.0%) of B\u2010cell clonotypes were found to overlap paired gut and liver samples following the exclusion of memory clonotypes reported in the blood of healthy controls. Overlapping gut and liver clonotypes showed stronger evidence of antigen\u2010driven activation compared to non\u2010overlapping clonotypes, including shorter CDR3 lengths and higher counts of somatic hypermutation (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> A proportion of gut and liver B cells originate from a common clonal origin (i.e., likely to recognize the same antigen) in patients with PSC which suggests B\u2010cell antigens are shared across the gut\u2013liver axis. (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hepatology Communications<\/jats:italic> 2018; 00:000\u2010000)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:10:44Z","timestamp":1533640244000},"page":"960-971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gut and Liver B Cells of Common Clonal Origin in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis\u2013Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy,University of Birmingham,Birmingham,United Kingdom"},{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Kristine Klemsdal","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin Kaasen","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology,Akershus University Hospital,L\u00f8renskog,Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom H.","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine, and Transplantation,Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet,Oslo,Norway"},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gideon M.","family":"Hirschfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy,University of Birmingham,Birmingham,United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham Health Partners,University Hospitals Birmingham,Birmingham,United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evaggelia","family":"Liaskou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy,University of Birmingham,Birmingham,United 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