{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:14:49Z","timestamp":1760300089772},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["P30DK078392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK078392"]}]},{}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatology Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While reactive ductules (RDs) have been observed in viral hepatitis, biliary atresia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adult hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), RDs in pediatric liver cancer remain uncharacterized. This study investigated the relationship of RDs with angiogenic paracrine factors, the extent of angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation in pediatric hepatoblastoma (HBL)\/HCC livers. We quantified the extent of RDs and their expression of paracrine factors that include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD), platelet\u2010derived growth factor C, and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1). In addition, we performed immunohistochemical detection of the endothelial marker clusters of differentiation (CD)34 and the proliferation marker Ki67 followed by correlation analyses. In HBL, we found the percentage of RDs with Ki67 expression (% Ki67+ RDs) significantly correlated with intratumoral Ki67+ areas (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r =<\/jats:italic> 0.5138, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic> 0.0349) and % ANGPT1+ RDs positively correlated with % Ki67+ RDs (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r =<\/jats:italic> 0.5851, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic> 0.0136). In HCC, the high ANGPT1+ RDs group (i.e., cases with % ANGPT1+ RDs \u226550) exhibited high intratumoral Ki67+ areas compared to the low ANGPT1+ RDs group. In the combined HBL and HCC liver tumor group, there was a positive association between % platelet\u2010derived growth factor C+ RDs and intratumoral Ki67+ areas (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r =<\/jats:italic> 0.4712, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P =<\/jats:italic> 0.0099) and the high VEGFD+ RDs group (\u226550%) exhibited a high number of peritumoral CD34+ vessels compared to the low VEGFD+ RDs group. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Paracrine factor\u2010expressing RDs are associated with angiogenesis and proliferation of pediatric liver tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T16:25:05Z","timestamp":1537892705000},"page":"1199-1212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Reactive Ductules Are Associated With Angiogenesis and Tumor Cell Proliferation in Pediatric Liver Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Sanghoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soona","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep41204-bib-0001-20240114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2012.01704.x","article-title":"Current concepts in pediatric liver tumors","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"hep41204-bib-0002-20240114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50375","article-title":"Schwarz KB. 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