{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:25:40Z","timestamp":1789925140867,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal permeability to translocation of bacterial products is increased in cirrhosis. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) remain central to the interplay between the host and microbial milieu. We propose that Tregs are involved in promoting gut barrier integrity and a balanced interaction with gut microbiota\u2013derived short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Carbon tetrachloride cirrhosis was induced in wild\u2010type and recombination activating gene 1 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>)<jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010 <\/jats:sup>mice. Naive T cells and Treg cells were transferred into <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010 <\/jats:sup>mice. Intestinal permeability was assessed <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic> after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) oral administration, and bacterial DNA presence was evaluated in mesenteric lymph nodes. Transcript and protein levels of tight\u2010junction (TJ) proteins were measured in colonic tissue. Intestinal T helper profile in response to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>) was determined by flow cytometry. SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry in colonic content before and after <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> challenge. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup> mice showed significantly increased permeability to LPS and bacterial DNA translocation rate compared with control mice. Naive T and Treg cotransfer significantly reduced gut permeability to bacterial antigen translocation and restored TJ protein expression in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup> mice. Naive T and Treg replenishment in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup> mice restrained proinflammatory differentiation of intestinal lymphocytes in response to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>. The main SCFA concentration resulted in significant reduction in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup> mice after <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> administration but remained unaltered after naive T and Tregs cotransfer. The reduced expression of SCFA receptors induced by <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli <\/jats:italic>was reestablished following naive T and Treg reconstitution in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup> mice. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> The restriction of gut permeability, local inflammatory differentiation, and loss of bacteria\u2010derived SCFAs foster the value of Tregs in preventing bacterial translocation in cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T16:16:48Z","timestamp":1540225008000},"page":"1610-1623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Regulatory T Cells Restrict Permeability to Bacterial Antigen Translocation and Preserve Short\u2010Chain Fatty Acids in Experimental Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7432-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriol","family":"Juanola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"},{"name":"Dpto. Medicina Cl\u00ednica,Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez,San Juan,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Pi\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Caparr\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. Medicina Cl\u00ednica,Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez,San Juan,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEBAS\u2010CSIC,Campus de Espinardo, 30100,Murcia,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEBAS\u2010CSIC,Campus de Espinardo, 30100,Murcia,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Zapater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"},{"name":"Dpto. Farmacolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica,Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez,San Juan,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Tar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Navajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Tom\u00e1s\u2010Barber\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEBAS\u2010CSIC,Campus de Espinardo, 30100,Murcia,Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Franc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ISABIAL\u2010FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante,Alicante,Spain"},{"name":"Dpto. 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