{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:54:26Z","timestamp":1761630866898},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R01 DK090325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK090325"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Because of their high regenerative potential, stem cells are an ideal resource for development of therapies that replace injured tissue mass and restore function in patients with end\u2010stage liver diseases. Using a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL) and biliary fibrosis, we investigated cell engraftment, liver repopulation, and ectopic tissue formation after intrasplenic transplantation of epithelial stem\/progenitor cells. Fetal liver cells were infused into the spleens of Fisher 344 rats with progressing biliary fibrosis induced by common BDL or rats without BDL. Cell delivery was well tolerated. After migration to the liver, donor\u2010derived stem\/progenitor cells engrafted, differentiated into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and formed large cell clusters at 2 months in BDL rats but not controls. Substantial numbers of donor cells were also detected at the splenic injection site where they generated hepatic and nonhepatic tissue. Transplanted cells differentiated into phenotypes other than hepato\/cholangiocytic cells only in rats that underwent BDL. Quantitative reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated marked up\u2010regulation of tissue\u2010specific genes of nonhepatic endodermal lineages (e.g., caudal type homeobox 2 [<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cdx2<\/jats:italic>], pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 [<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pdx1<\/jats:italic>], keratin 13 [<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CK\u201013<\/jats:italic>]), confirmed by immunohistochemistry. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: BDL and its induced fibrosis promote liver repopulation by ectopically transplanted fetal liver\u2010derived cells. These cell fractions contain multipotent stem cells that colonize the spleen of BDL rats and differentiate into multiple gastrointestinal tissues, including liver, pancreas, intestine, and esophagus. The splenic microenvironment, therefore, represents an ideal niche to assess the differentiation of these stem cells, while BDL provides a stimulus that induces their differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T04:11:57Z","timestamp":1558671117000},"page":"1137-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biliary Obstruction Promotes Multilineage Differentiation of Hepatic Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mladen I.","family":"Yovchev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Locker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"},{"name":"Pittsburgh Liver Research Center,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"},{"name":"Pittsburgh Liver Research Center,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"},{"name":"McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine,University of 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