{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:13:32Z","timestamp":1786684412126,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Population\u2010level nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) death rate data are sparse. We described death rates for adults with NAFLD in the United States using mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System multiple\u2010cause mortality data (2007\u20102016). Decedents who had NAFLD were identified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes K75.81, K76.0, K74.0, K74.6, and K76.9. Among NAFLD decedents, cause\u2010specific deaths (e.g., cardiovascular disease [CVD], cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], non\u2010liver cancer, diabetes mellitus [DM]) were identified by underlying cause of death ICD\u201010 codes. Trends were evaluated by average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age\u2010standardized death rate (ASDR) per 100,000 persons. Among the 25,129,960 decedents aged \u226520\u00a0years, 353,234 (1.4%) decedents had NAFLD (212,322 men; 260,765 non\u2010Hispanic whites, 32,868 non\u2010Hispanic blacks, 46,530 Hispanics, 5,025 non\u2010Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Natives [AIANs], 7,023 non\u2010Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders [APIs]), with a mean age at death of 64.47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.17\u00a0years. During the study period, the ASDR for NAFLD increased by 15% (12.94 to 14.90; AAPC, 1.98%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001]), while women (AAPC, 2.99% vs. 1.16% men; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003), non\u2010Hispanic whites (AAPC, 2.48%), non\u2010Hispanic AIANs (AAPC, 2.31%), and Hispanics (AAPC, 0.74%) experienced the highest annual increases. Stable trends were noted for non\u2010Hispanic blacks and non\u2010Hispanic APIs. Among subgroups, Mexican (AAPC, 1.75%) and Asian Indians (AAPC, 6.94%) experienced annual increases. The top six underlying causes of death (155,894 cirrhosis, 38,444 CVD, 19,466 non\u2010liver cancer, 10,867 HCC, 8,113 DM, and 5,683 lung disease) accounted for 67.5% of NAFLD\u2010related deaths. For cause\u2010specific deaths, ASDR increased for HCC (AAPC, 3.82%), DM (AAPC, 2.23%), non\u2010liver cancer (AAPC, 2.14%), CVD (AAPC, 1.59%), and cirrhosis (AAPC, 0.96%). <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> NAFLD\u2010related deaths in U.S. adults are increasing. Cirrhosis is the top cause\u2010specific death, followed by CVD. Women, non\u2010Hispanic whites, and non\u2010Hispanic AIANs (subgroups Mexicans and Asian Indians) experienced the highest increases in deaths. Policies addressing the societal burden of NAFLD are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T15:30:54Z","timestamp":1565796654000},"page":"1459-1471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Mortality Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Increasing in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"James M.","family":"Paik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research,Inova Health System,Falls Church,VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases,Washington,DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"De Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research,Inova 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