{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:04:38Z","timestamp":1790417078932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The current analysis expands the knowledge on atherogenic lipid profiles in NAFLD by modeling changes in low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C) and total cholesterol (TC) in a prospectively enrolling real\u2010life study cohort to inform physicians on the cardiovascular (CV) event risk based on these changes. A total of 304 patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD were included (mean age, 52\u00a0years; equal sex distribution). Of these, 129 (42.4%) patients exhibited a NAFLD activity score \u22654 and 186 (61.2%) had at least intermediate fibrosis \u2265F2. The median TC levels were 209\u00a0mg\/dL (interquartile range [IQR], 183, 239), LDL\u2010C 131\u00a0mg\/dL (IQR, 103, 152), and high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) 45\u00a0mg\/dL (IQR, 38, 52). Only 16.9% of patients received lipid\u2010lowering therapy. According to the LDL\/HDL ratio, 69 (23.7%) patients exhibited a high CV risk. The 10\u2010year CV event risk according to the Framingham risk score (FRS) was low in 91 (41.2%), intermediate in 59 (26.7%), and high in 71 (32.1%) patients and higher in the \u2265F2 NAFLD population. A moderate increase in LDL\u2010C levels by 20\u00a0mg\/dL led to a transition of 20% of patients into the high\u2010risk group when assessing the LDL\/HDL ratio. According to the FRS, 6 (2.7%) patients moved from low to intermediate and 11 (4.9%) from intermediate to high CV risk.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Patients with NAFLD exhibit a substantial CV event risk and are frequently undertreated with lipid\u2010lowering medication. Moderate increases in LDL\u2010C would result in worsening of the CV event risk in approximately 7.8% of all patients without a history of CVD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T01:21:52Z","timestamp":1569892912000},"page":"1472-1481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk Categories in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Low\u2010Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Labenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen H.","family":"Prochaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine,Center for Cardiology,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Rhine Main,Berlin,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate K.","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine,Center for Cardiology,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Rhine Main,Berlin,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Galle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Internal Medicine,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,Mainz,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rn M.","family":"Schattenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. 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