{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:15:22Z","timestamp":1790309722218,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Development of curative therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection will likely require new animal models. Here, we evaluate HBV infection in squirrel monkeys based on the high\u2010sequence homology of the HBV receptor, Na+\/taurocholate co\u2010transporting peptide (NTCP), between humans and squirrel monkeys. HBV PreS1 peptide was examined for binding human and squirrel monkey NTCP. Immunodeficient <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fah<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                              \u2212\/\u2212\n                           <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                              \u2212\/\u2212\n                           <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il2Rg<\/jats:italic>\n                           <jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> (FNRG) mice engrafted with human or squirrel monkey hepatocytes were challenged with HBV or Woolly Monkey HBV (WMHBV). In addition, adult squirrel monkeys were inoculated with HBV, WMHBV, adeno\u2010associated virus containing an infectious genome of HBV (AAV\u2010HBV), and AAV\u2010WMHBV. Finally, neonate squirrel monkeys were assessed for the potential of chronic infection with WMHBV. PreS1 peptide efficiently bound to human and squirrel monkey NTCP but not to mouse or capuchin NTCP. FNRG mice engrafted with squirrel monkey hepatocytes were susceptible to infection by WMHBV but not human HBV. Similarly, adult squirrel monkeys could be infected with WMHBV but not human HBV, whereas chimeric mice engrafted with human hepatocytes were susceptible to HBV but not WMHBV. Infection of squirrel monkeys with AAV\u2010WMHBV yielded maximum viremia of 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u00a0genomes\/mL with detectable virus for up to 8 months. Notably, covalently closed circular DNA was detected in the liver of these animals. Infection of neonates with WMHBV led to detectable viremia for up to 6 months. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Adult and neonate squirrel monkeys exhibited prolonged WMHBV viremia lasting 6\u20108\u00a0months. This is greater than twice the duration of viremia achieved in other nonhuman primates and suggests that squirrel monkeys may be a suitable model for testing HBV therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T07:00:58Z","timestamp":1578121258000},"page":"371-386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Woolly Monkey\u2013HBV Infection in Squirrel Monkeys as a Surrogate Nonhuman Primate Model of HBV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christopher Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center,Texas Biomedical Research Institute,San Antonio,TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Y.","family":"Winer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology,Princeton University,Princeton,NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center,Texas Biomedical Research Institute,San Antonio,TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center,Texas Biomedical Research Institute,San Antonio,TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Brasky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center,Texas Biomedical Research Institute,San Antonio,TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Biosciences, Inc.,Foster City,CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Biosciences, Inc.,Foster City,CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Biosciences, Inc.,Foster City,CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe H.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine,Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research of the University of Texas MD Anderson Center,Bastrop,TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian R.","family":"Abee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine,Michale E. 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