{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:50:53Z","timestamp":1793836253640,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains difficult to cure due to the persistent, self\u2010replenishing nature of the viral genome and impaired host immune responses. Current treatment goals for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are to prevent or significantly delay liver\u2010related adverse outcomes and death, and two types of treatments are available: nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and interferons (IFNs). NAs effectively suppress HBV replication, and IFNs improve serological response rates, thereby decreasing the risk of adverse outcomes. However, their efficacy in attaining serological responses, especially functional cure (i.e., loss of serum hepatitis B surface antigen), is very limited. Various strategies such as stopping antiviral therapy or combining therapies have been investigated to enhance response, but efficacy is only modestly improved. Importantly, the development of novel direct\u2010acting antivirals and immunomodulators is underway to improve treatment efficacy and enhance rates of functional cure. The present review provides an overview of the treatment goals and indications, the possibility of expanding indications, and the safety and efficacy of different treatment strategies involving established and\/or novel therapies as we continue our search for a cure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T05:49:21Z","timestamp":1639201761000},"page":"935-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Aiming for Functional Cure With Established and Novel Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hannah S.J.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Center for Liver Disease,Toronto General Hospital,Toronto,ON,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tonthat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry L.A.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Center for Liver Disease,Toronto General Hospital,Toronto,ON,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norah A.","family":"Terrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California,Los 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