{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:36:34Z","timestamp":1792182994199,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Alcohol use is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and changes in the microbiome associated with alcohol use contribute to patients\u2019 risk for liver disease progression. Less is known about the effects of alcohol use on the intestinal viral microbiome (virome) and interactions between bacteriophages and their target bacteria. We studied changes in the intestinal virome of 62 clinically well\u2010characterized patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) during active alcohol use and after 2 weeks of alcohol abstinence, by extracting virus\u2010like particles and performing metagenomic sequencing. We observed decreased abundance of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leuconostoc<\/jats:italic> phages in patients with active AUD when compared with controls, whereas after 2 weeks of alcohol abstinence, patients with AUD demonstrated an increase in the abundance of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leuconostoc<\/jats:italic> phages. The intestinal virome signature was also significantly different in patients with AUD with progressive liver disease, with increased abundance of phages targeting <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacteria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactococcus<\/jats:italic> species phages compared with patients with AUD with nonprogressive liver disease. By performing moderation analyses, we found that progressive liver disease is associated with changes in interactions between some bacteriophages and their respective target bacteria. In summary, active alcohol use and alcohol\u2010associated progressive liver disease are associated with changes in the fecal virome, some of which are partially reversible after a short period of abstinence. Progression of alcohol\u2010associated liver disease is associated with changes in bacteriophage\u2013bacteria interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T05:48:40Z","timestamp":1648964920000},"page":"2058-2069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Intestinal virome in patients with alcohol use disorder and after abstinence"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine,VA San Diego Healthcare System,San Diego,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Faculty of Medicine,University of Cologne,University Hospital Cologne,Cologne,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillipp","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,California,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick E.","family":"Fouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. 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