{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:13:18Z","timestamp":1787069598040,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Immune\u2010mediated liver injury (ILI) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) vaccination is not well\u2010characterized. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature on ILI after COVID\u201019 vaccination. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Embase, and gray literature to include articles describing ILI following COVID\u201019 vaccination. Reports without confirmatory evidence from liver biopsy were excluded. Descriptive analysis, and study quality were reported as appropriate. Of the 1,048 articles found, 13 (good\/fair quality; 23 patients) were included. Studies were primarily from Europe (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20098), America (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20092), Asia (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20092), or Australia (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091). Patients were predominantly females (62.5%) of age 55.3\u2009years (49.1\u201361.4), with an antecedent exposure to Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)\u20131273 (47.8%), Pfizer\u2010BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA (39.2%), or ChAdOx1 nCoV\u201019 vaccine (13%). Pre\u2010existing comorbidities (69.6%) were common, including liver disease in 26.1% and thyroid disorders in 13% of patients. About two\u2010thirds of the patients were on concurrent medications (paracetamol, levothyroxine, statins, and non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs). Jaundice was the most common symptom (78.3%). Peak bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 10.8 (6.8\u201314.8) mg\/dl, 1,106.5 (757.0\u20131,702.5) U\/L, and 229 (174.6\u2013259.6) U\/L, respectively. Histological findings were intense portal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with interface hepatitis. Steroids were used in 86.9% of patients, and complete response, recovering course, and death were reported in 56.5%, 39.1%, and 4.3% of patients, respectively. ILI following COVID\u201019 vaccination is rare. The diagnosis is established on temporal correlation, biochemical findings, and histopathology. Prognosis is excellent with corticosteroids. Causality establishment remains a challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T18:28:31Z","timestamp":1651688911000},"page":"2513-2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Immune\u2010mediated liver injury following COVID\u201019 vaccination: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5126-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-0914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nipun","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surender","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranita","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Child Health,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3901-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Taneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenu","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Child Health,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep41979-bib-0001-20241118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1945901","article-title":"Landscape and progress of global COVID\u201019 vaccine development","volume":"17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Vaccine Immunotherpeutics"},{"key":"hep41979-bib-0002-20241118","article-title":"Adverse rare events to vaccines for COVID\u201019: From hypersensitivity reactions to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"hep41979-bib-0003-20241118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.151","article-title":"Vaccine\u2010induced autoimmunity: the role of molecular mimicry and immune crossreaction","volume":"15","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"hep41979-bib-0004-20241118","article-title":"Potential antigenic cross\u2010reactivity between SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases","volume":"217","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"hep41979-bib-0005-20241118","article-title":"Do COVID\u201019 RNA\u2010based vaccines put at risk of immune\u2010mediated diseases? 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