{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:53:51Z","timestamp":1776707631821,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Prior international studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of hepatitis B and hepatitis C with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We performed an updated evaluation of the prevalence of associated adverse pregnancy outcomes and evaluated trends over time of diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in pregnant women in a national database. All pregnant women with HBV and HCV were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database 2012 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compare pregnancy\u2010related complications, including rates of preeclampsia\/eclampsia, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, antepartum\/intrapartum hemorrhage, preterm labor, and Cesarean section. We evaluated all\u2010cause in\u2010hospital mortality, length of stay, and total cost of hospitalizations. A total of 28.7 million pregnancy\u2010related hospitalizations that met our eligibility criteria were identified, including 51,200 with HBV and 131,695 with HCV. In comparison with the uninfected controls, the HBV group was significantly more likely to develop gestational diabetes (12.94% vs. 6.94%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The HCV group was more likely to have preterm labor (9.63% vs. 6.27%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), intrauterine growth restriction (6.04% vs. 2.89%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), longer length of stay (3.4\u2009days vs. 2.7\u2009days, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and higher hospitalization cost (15,052 dollars vs. 14,258 dollars, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). These findings should inform counseling of women who are found to have HBV or HCV during pregnancy regarding the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and support the need for an interdisciplinary approach to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T07:45:37Z","timestamp":1656056737000},"page":"2465-2473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hepatitis C is associated with more adverse pregnancy outcomes than hepatitis B: A 7\u2010year national inpatient sample study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6058-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,NYU Grossman School of Medicine,New York,New York,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0723-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Internal Medicine Service,Trinity Health of New England,Springfield,Massachusetts,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver Diseases,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,New York,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6663-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatyana","family":"Kushner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver Diseases,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,New York,USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,New York,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep42002-bib-0003-20241118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988\u20132012","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep42002-bib-0004-20241118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12735","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in the prevalence and awareness of Hepatitis B virus infection and immunity in the United States","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"hep42002-bib-0005-20241118","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in US States and the District of Columbia, 2013 to 2016","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw 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