{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T06:11:42Z","timestamp":1775369502064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Anti\u2010mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) are highly specific for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) but are also occasionally found in other diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the incidence of and predictors for PBC development in AMA\u2010positive patients with other liver or non\u2010liver diseases at baseline. In this retrospective study, we screened patients who tested positive for AMA and\/or anti\u2010mitochondrial M2 antibody (AMA\u2010M2) at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2005 to January 2017. They were categorized by their diagnosis at the baseline as patients with PBC or non\u2010PBC cases. We followed up on the non\u2010PBC cases through telephone interviews and reviewing of medical records to obtain laboratory results and clinical outcomes. In total, 139 patients were AMA\u2010positive but did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria of PBC at baseline, including 51 patients with non\u2010PBC liver diseases and 88 cases with non\u2010liver diseases. The titers of AMA\u2010M2, alkaline phosphatase, gamma\u2010glutamyl transpeptidase, and immunoglobulin M were significantly higher in patients with PBC compared to those with non\u2010PBC liver diseases and non\u2010liver diseases. After a median follow\u2010up of 4.6 (interquartile range: 2.4\u20137.6) years, 4.3% (6 of 139) developed PBC, with an accumulative 5\u2010year incidence rate of 4.2%. None of the patients with non\u2010PBC liver diseases developed PBC, whereas the 5\u2010year incidence rate of PBC was 7.8% among 88 patients with non\u2010liver diseases. Lower alanine aminotransferase and higher immunoglobulin M were independent predictors for developing PBC. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Our results suggest a low risk of developing PBC over time in AMA\u2010positive patients with other liver and non\u2010liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T19:10:32Z","timestamp":1661281832000},"page":"3112-3119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The future risk of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is low among patients with incidental anti\u2010mitochondrial antibodies but without baseline PBC"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Weijia","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buer","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9409-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jidong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical 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