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A developmental amnesic case with focal bilateral hippocampal pathology showed a massive additional impairment when tested from the shifted viewpoint compared with a mild, list length\u2010dependent, impairment when tested from the same viewpoint. While the same\u2010view condition could be solved by visual pattern matching, the shifted\u2010view condition requires a viewpoint independent representation or an equivalent mechanism for translating or rotating viewpoints in memory. The latter mechanism was indicated by control subjects' response latencies in the shifted\u2010view condition, although the amnesic case is not impaired in tests of mental rotation of single objects. These results show that the human hippocampus supports viewpoint independence in spatial memory, and suggest that it does so by providing a mechanism for viewpoint manipulation in memory. In addition, they suggest an extremely sensitive test for human hippocampal damage, and hint at the nature of the hipppocampal role in episodic recollection. Hippocampus 2002;12:811\u2013820. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,4]],"date-time":"2002-12-04T14:19:43Z","timestamp":1039011583000},"page":"811-820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":234,"title":["Human hippocampus and viewpoint dependence in spatial memory"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"John 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