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Some forms of neuronal sequelae, such as learning and memory deficits, have been associated with neuronal injury in the hippocampus. To learn more about hippocampal injury in meningitis, we performed a comparative study in bacterial meningitis due to <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and group B streptococcus, in which 11\u2010day\u2010old infant rats were infected intracisternally with either of the two pathogens. Histopathological examination of the neuronal injury in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus showed that <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> caused predominantly classical apoptotic cell death. Cells undergoing apoptosis were located only in the subgranular zone and stained positive for activated caspase\u20103 and TUNEL. Furthermore, dividing progenitor cells seemed particularly sensitive to this form of cell death. Group B streptococcus was mainly responsible for a caspase\u20103\u2010independent (and TUNEL\u2010negative) form of cell death. Compared with the morphological features found in apoptosis (e.g., apoptotic bodies), this form of neuronal death was characterized by clusters of uniformly shrunken cells. It affected the dentate gyrus throughout the blade, showing no preferences for immature or mature neurons. Thus, depending on the infecting agent, bacterial meningitis causes two distinct forms of cell injury in the dentate gyrus. Hippocampus 2003;13:481\u2013488. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]],"date-time":"2003-04-11T10:01:53Z","timestamp":1050055313000},"page":"481-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Bacterial meningitis causes two distinct forms of cellular damage in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in infant rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yoeng\u2010Delphine","family":"Bifrare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gianinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Imboden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen 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