{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:35:05Z","timestamp":1789385705639,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hippocampus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is argued that while the hippocampus is not vital for all classes of configural learning, it is vital for a specific subclass of configural tasks called \u201cstructural learning.\u201d The defining feature of structural learning is that in addition to binding stimulus elements to make unique arrays (as in all configural learning), the relationship of these elements to each other, be it spatial or temporal, is specified. Direct evidence supporting the proposal that the hippocampus is required for structural learning comes from recent lesion studies with rats. While rats with hippocampal lesions were impaired at relearning a set of spatial structural problems, they showed no impairment when relearning two configural tasks (transverse patterning and the biconditional discrimination), neither of which required structural learning. Other support comes from surveys of spatial and temporal learning by amnesic patients with hippocampal damage, and from imaging studies of both humans and rats. While these studies offer consistent support for the structural hypothesis, very few provide a rigorous test as the tasks can often be solved by other strategies. For this reason, the present review details the design features of future stringent tests of the structural hypothesis. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T19:23:21Z","timestamp":1182972201000},"page":"723-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Structural learning and the hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"John P.","family":"Aggleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002034","article-title":"Episodic memory, amnesia and the hippocampal\u2014Anterior thalamic axis","volume":"22","author":"Aggleton JP","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724990444000131"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2704-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.11.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.1.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000481"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-04-01622.1998","article-title":"Fornix lesions can facilitate acquisition of the transverse patterning task: A challenge for \u201cconfigural\u201d theories of hippocampal function","volume":"18","author":"Bussey TJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3796-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)02041-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Memory, Amnesia, and the Hippocampal System","author":"Cohen NJ","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7414331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.28.4.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.107.2.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00421-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(89)90150-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35036213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00035391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-11-03531.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.73304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn834"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450010311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00197-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450020111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.29.2.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.27.3.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.117.3.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450030410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1535-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05089.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:2<138::AID-HIPO6>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5222-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00095-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.31.4.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"A role of Fos expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in spatial memory formation in rats","volume":"26","author":"He J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107385849600200310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00021-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02226.1998","article-title":"Hippocampal lesions disrupt an associative mismatch process","volume":"18","author":"Honey RC","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.3.480"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05945.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.116.2.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7123228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(97)00076-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","article-title":"Impaired spatial and non\u2010spatial configural learning in patients with hippocampal pathology","author":"Kumaran D","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724990444000168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290125897"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:6<638::AID-HIPO6>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199605170-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.41302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03327055","article-title":"Memory deficits following lesions of hippocampus or amygdala in rat: Assessment by an object\u2010memory test battery","volume":"23","author":"Mumby DG","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4549","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-10-04549.1993","article-title":"Neural substrates of visual stimulus\u2013stimulus association in rhesus monkeys","volume":"13","author":"Murray EA","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00035597"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1923-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1996.0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.4.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.113.5.867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450050502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.3.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","unstructured":"SandersonDJ.2005.The hippocampus and structural learning PhD Thesis Cardiff University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.3.447","article-title":"Object exploration and reactions to spatial and non\u2010spatial changes in hooded rats following damage to parietal cortex or hippocampal formation","volume":"106","author":"Save E","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80105-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90051-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(90)90004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4792-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/neur.7.5.357.16245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.44.020193.002321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.05.030182.001325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03337828","article-title":"Configural association theory: The role of the hippocampal formation in learning, memory, and amnesia","volume":"17","author":"Sutherland RJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199607290-00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","volume-title":"Elements of Episodic Memory","author":"Tulving E","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00013-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02711.2000","article-title":"Fos imaging reveals differential patterns of hippocampal and parahippocampal subfield activity in response to different spatial memory tasks","volume":"20","author":"Vann SD","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-03-01142.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.115.6.1357"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.6.4.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0062203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-1047(90)91380-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(02)00556-9"}],"container-title":["Hippocampus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhipo.20323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hipo.20323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T19:22:25Z","timestamp":1694546545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hipo.20323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hipo.20323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hipo.20323","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-9631","1098-1063"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-9631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1063","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]]}}}