{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:30:48Z","timestamp":1780450248210,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hippocampus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medial septum and diagonal band complex (MS\u2010DB) is believed to play a key role in generating theta oscillations in the hippocampus, a phenomenon critical for learning and memory. Although the importance of the MS\u2010DB in hippocampal theta rhythm generation is generally accepted, it remains to be determined whether the MS\u2010DB alone can generate hippocampal oscillations or is only a transducer of rhythmic activity from other brain areas. Secondly, it is known that hippocampal theta rhythm can be separated into an atropine\u2010sensitive and insensitive component. However, it remains to be established if the MS\u2010DB can generate both types of rhythm. To answer these questions, we used a new in vitro rat septohippocampal preparation placed in a hermetically separated two side recording chamber. We showed that carbachol activation of the MS\u2010DB generated large theta oscillations in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These oscillations were blocked by applying either the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist bicuculline or the AMPA\/kainate antagonist DNQX to the hippocampus. Interestingly, the application of the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine produced only a partial decrease in the amplitude, without modification of the frequency, of theta. These results show for the first time, that upon optimal excitation, the MS\u2010DB alone is able to generate hippocampal oscillations in the theta frequency band. Moreover, these MS\u2010DB generated theta oscillations are mediated by muscarinic and nonmuscarinic receptors and have a pharmacological profile similar to theta rhythm observed in awake animals. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T21:16:28Z","timestamp":1204146988000},"page":"531-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["In vitro activation of the medial septum\u2014Diagonal band complex generates atropine\u2010sensitive and atropine\u2010resistant hippocampal theta rhythm: An investigation using a complete septohippocampal 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