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In this study, Holtzman male rats from control and vitamin A\u2010deficient groups were sacrificed throughout a 24\u2010h period and hippocampus samples were isolated every 4 or 5 h. <jats:italic>RAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RXR\u03b2<\/jats:italic> expression level was quantified and daily expression patterns of clock <jats:italic>BMAL1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PER1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ROR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>REVERB<\/jats:italic> genes, <jats:italic>ROR\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>REVERB<\/jats:italic> proteins, as well as temporal expression of cognition\u2010related <jats:italic>RC3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic> genes were determined in the hippocampus of the two groups of rats. Our results show significant daily variations of <jats:italic>BMAL1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PER1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ROR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>REVERB<\/jats:italic> genes, <jats:italic>ROR\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>REVERB<\/jats:italic> proteins and, consequently, daily oscillating expression of <jats:italic>RC3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic> genes in the rat hippocampus. Vitamin A deficiency reduced <jats:italic>RXR\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA level as well as the amplitude of <jats:italic>PER1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>REVERB<\/jats:italic> gene, and <jats:italic>REVERB<\/jats:italic> protein rhythms, and phase\u2010shifted the daily peaks of <jats:italic>BMAL1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ROR\u03b1<\/jats:italic> mRNA, <jats:italic>ROR\u03b1<\/jats:italic> protein, and <jats:italic>RC3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels. Thus, nutritional factors, such as vitamin A and its derivatives the retinoids, might modulate daily patterns of <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RC3<\/jats:italic> expression in the hippocampus, and they could be essential to maintain an optimal daily performance at molecular level in this learning\u2010and\u2010memory\u2010related brain area. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,22]],"date-time":"2012-03-22T19:22:30Z","timestamp":1332444150000},"page":"1720-1732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Daily patterns of clock and cognition\u2010related factors are modified in the hippocampus of vitamin A\u2010deficient rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rebeca S.","family":"Golini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia 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