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For example, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptors in the dorsal hippocampus are required for contextual fear conditioning in na\u00efve animals but not in animals previously trained in a similar task. Here we investigated how animals learn contextual fear conditioning for a second time\u2014a response which is not due to habituation or generalization. We found that dorsal hippocampus infusions of voltage\u2010dependent calcium channel blockers or the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist impaired the first, not the second contextual learning. Only manipulations of the entire hippocampus led to an impairment in second learning. Specifically, inactivation of either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus caused the remaining portion of the hippocampus to acquire and consolidate the second learning. Thus, dorsal hippocampus seems necessary for initial contextual fear conditioning, but either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus is sufficient for subsequent conditioning in a different context. Together, these findings suggest that prior training experiences can change how the hippocampus processes subsequent similar learning. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T18:10:10Z","timestamp":1337278210000},"page":"2157-2170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Dorsal hippocampus is necessary for novel learning but sufficient for subsequent similar learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Szu\u2010Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.B.","family":"Finnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Hardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-03-01106.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.116.5.884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378182a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0698-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100746"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05239.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361031a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2903551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-09113.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(72)90309-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03964.1997","article-title":"H. 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