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The role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in ischemic brain injury is unknown. In this study, we used a 24\u2010amino acid peptide S14G\u2010Humanin (HNG) to examine oligodendrogenesis and neurological functional recovery in a hypoxic\/ischemic (H\/I) neonatal model. Intraperitoneal HNG pre\u2010treatment decreased infarct volume following H\/I injury. Delayed HNG treatment 24 h after H\/I injury did not reduce infarct volume but did decrease neurological deficits and brain atrophy. Delayed HNG treatment did not attenuate axonal demyelination at 48 h after H\/I injury. However, at 14 d after H\/I injury, delayed HNG treatment increased axonal remyelination, the thickness of corpus callosum at the midline, the number of Olig2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/BrdU<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, and levels of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our results suggest that targeting oligodendrogenesis via delayed HNG treatment may represent a promising approach for the treatment of stroke. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T07:25:31Z","timestamp":1408519531000},"page":"62-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increased oligodendrogenesis by humanin promotes axonal remyelination and neurological recovery in hypoxic\/ischemic brains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro\u2010Psycho\u2010Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou City China"},{"name":"The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University Suzhou City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro\u2010Psycho\u2010Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University Suzhou City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balvin H. 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