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Physical activity, one of the most promising behavioral interventions to prevent or delay cognitive decline, has been shown to be associated with hippocampal volume; specifically increased aerobic activity and fitness may have a positive effect on the size of the hippocampus. The majority of older adults, however, are sedentary and have difficulty initiating and maintaining exercise programs. A modestly more active lifestyle may nonetheless be beneficial. This study explored whether greater objectively measured daily walking activity was associated with larger hippocampal volume. We additionally explored whether greater low\u2010intensity walking activity, which may be related to leisure\u2010time physical, functional, and social activities, was associated with larger hippocampal volume independent of exercise and higher\u2010intensity walking activity. Segmentation of hippocampal volumes was performed using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain's Software Library (FSL), and daily walking activity was assessed using a step activity monitor on 92, nondemented, older adult participants. After controlling for age, education, body mass index, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and the Mini Mental State Exam, we found that a greater amount, duration, and frequency of total daily walking activity were each associated with larger hippocampal volume among older women, but not among men. These relationships were specific to hippocampal volume, compared with the thalamus, used as a control brain region, and remained significant for low\u2010intensity walking activity, independent of moderate\u2010 to vigorous\u2010intensity activity and self\u2010reported exercise. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to explore the relationship between objectively measured daily walking activity and hippocampal volume in an older adult population. Findings suggest the importance of examining whether increasing nonexercise, lifestyle physical activities may produce measurable cognitive benefits and affect hippocampal volume through molecular pathways unique to those related to moderate\u2010intensity exercise. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T05:23:38Z","timestamp":1418102618000},"page":"605-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Low\u2010intensity daily walking activity is associated with hippocampal volume in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Varma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Fang","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin J.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Corporation for National and Community Service Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.12.1447"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750301800202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"CD005381","article-title":"Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment","volume":"3","author":"Angevaren M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31817945f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535d35"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp117"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","article-title":"Impact of a multi\u2010modal intervention on brain volume: the Baltimore Experience Corps trial brain health study","author":"MC Carlson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia (in press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. 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