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Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence from animal and human models suggests that physical activity (PA) is associated with structural benefits to the hippocampus in older adults. Very few human studies, however have explored hippocampal sub\u2010regional specificity of PA; this is significant considering that sub\u2010regions of the hippocampus are associated with distinct cognitive tasks and are differentially affected by disease pathology. This study used objective and self\u2010reported measures of daily walking activity and exercise, and surface\u2010based regional shape analysis using high\u2010field hippocampal sub\u2010regional partitions to explore sub\u2010region specific hippocampal associations in a sample of nondemented, community\u2010dwelling older adults at elevated sociodemographic risk for cognitive decline. Vertex\u2010wise surface areas, which may be more sensitive than global volume measures, were calculated using shape diffeomorphometry, and PA was assessed using step activity monitors and PA questionnaires. We found that daily walking activity in a participant's environment was associated in cross\u2010section mainly with larger surface areas of the subiculum in women. Associations remained significant when controlling for self\u2010reported exercise. Prior studies have found that PA related to exercise and aerobic fitness may be most closely associated with the anterior hippocampus, particularly the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These novel findings are the first, to our knowledge, in human models to suggest that PA related to navigation that may not reach the level of moderate\u2010intensity exercise may be associated with specific sub\u2010regions of the hippocampus. These findings underscore the importance of better understanding the independent and related biological mechanisms and pathways by which increasing exercise as well as non\u2010exercise, lifestyle PA may influence structural brain health. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T04:28:42Z","timestamp":1458793722000},"page":"1051-1060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Hippocampal sub\u2010regional shape and physical activity in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Varma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute of Engineering, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University\u2010Carnegie Mellon University (SYSU\u2010CMU), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University\u2010Carnegie Mellon University (SYSU\u2010CMU), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Shunde Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Center on Aging and Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750301800202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"CD005381","article-title":"Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment","author":"Angevaren M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.5.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","article-title":"Accelerometer\u2010based physical activity: Total volume per day and standardized measures","author":"Bassett DR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"657508","article-title":"A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults","volume":"2013","author":"Bherer L","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Cognitive aging: Progress in understanding and opportunities for action","author":"Blazer DG","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-005-9013-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Atrophy of presubiculum and subiculum is the earliest hippocampal anatomical marker of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Carlesimo GA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Neurospychology of Cardiovascular Disease","author":"Carlson MC","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771100169X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"CarlsonMC GrossAL BetzJ XueQ VarmaVR ChuangY ParisiJM SeemanTE GruenewaldT TannerEK TanE McGillS FriedLP RebokGW.2016. 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