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IGF\u20101 regulates cognitive functions, synapse density, neurotransmission, and adult neurogenesis and induces structural and synaptic plasticity\u2010specific changes. Although IGF\u20101 has been suggested to participate in different memory processes, its role in memories associated with negative emotional experiences still remains to be elucidated. The principal aim of the present study was to test whether IGF\u20101 overexpression using adenoviral vectors in basolateral amygdala (BLA) influences both the expression and formation of contextual fear memory, as well as the hippocampal structural plasticity associated with such memory trace. We found that IGF\u20101 overexpression promotes the formation and expression of a specific contextual fear memory trace, and such effect persisted at least 7\u2009days after recall. Moreover, the overexpression of this growth factor in BLA upregulates the activation of the ERK\/MAPK pathway in this brain structure. In addition, intra\u2010BLA IGF\u20101 overexpression causes dorsal hippocampus (DH) structural plasticity modifications promoting changes in the proportion of mature dendritic spines in the CA1 region, after a weak conditioning protocol. The present findings contribute to the knowledge underlying BLA\u2010DH trace memory of fear and reveal important new insights into the neurobiology and neurochemistry of fear acquisition modulated by IGF\u20101 overexpression. The understanding of how IGF\u20101 modulates the formation of a fear contextual trace may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies focused on fear, anxiety, and trauma\u2010related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T12:36:48Z","timestamp":1661344608000},"page":"765-775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of intra\u2010<scp>BLA<\/scp> overexpression of <scp>IGF<\/scp>\u20101 on the expression of a contextual fear memory trace"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Leandro Gabriel","family":"Champarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Instituto de Farmacolog\u00eda Experimental de C\u00f3rdoba (IFEC\u2010CONICET) Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  Cordoba 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