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However, as most experiments examine neural activity within individual tasks, it is currently unclear if and how neural representations change across different task contexts. Within this discussion, the medial temporal lobe is particularly salient, as it is known to be important for multiple behaviors including spatial navigation and memory, however the relationship between these functions is currently unclear. Here, to investigate how representations in single neurons vary across different task contexts in the medial temporal lobe, we collected and analyzed single\u2010neuron activity from human participants as they completed a paired\u2010task session consisting of a passive\u2010viewing visual working memory and a spatial navigation and memory task. Five patients contributed 22 paired\u2010task sessions, which were spike sorted together to allow for the same putative single neurons to be compared between the different tasks. Within each task, we replicated concept\u2010related activations in the working memory task, as well as target\u2010location and serial\u2010position responsive cells in the navigation task. When comparing neuronal activity between tasks, we first established that a significant number of neurons maintained the same kind of representation, responding to stimuli presentations across tasks. Further, we found cells that changed the nature of their representation across tasks, including a significant number of cells that were stimulus responsive in the working memory task that responded to serial position in the spatial task. Overall, our results support a flexible encoding of multiple, distinct aspects of different tasks by single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe, whereby some individual neurons change the nature of their feature coding between task contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T08:30:25Z","timestamp":1681547425000},"page":"600-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe flexibly shift representations across spatial and memory tasks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Donoghue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5827-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runnan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire Z.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6633-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron Monteith","family":"Holman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Brandmeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2562-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21692"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav5404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02917-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01482-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0398-21.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.01.278283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaure F. J. &Rey H. G.(2020).General framework for tracking neural activity over long\u2010term extracellular recordings [preprint].biorXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.11.944686","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.11.944686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf0941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Donoghue T. Maesta\u2010Pereira S. Han C. Z. Qasim S. 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