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Their functional role is unknown but we have previously shown that neonatal and adult hippocampal lesions increase their differentiation in the monkey amygdala. Here, we assessed whether hippocampal lesions similarly affect immature neurons in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. Since Bcl2\u2010positive cells were found mainly in areas Eo, Er, and Elr of the entorhinal cortex and in layer II of the perirhinal cortex, we also used Nissl\u2010stained sections to determine the number and soma size of immature and mature neurons in layer III of area Er and layer II of area 36 of the perirhinal cortex. We found different structural changes in these regions following hippocampal lesions, which were influenced by the time of the lesion. In neonate\u2010lesioned monkeys, the number of immature neurons in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices was generally higher than in controls. The number of mature neurons was also higher in layer III of area Er of neonate\u2010lesioned monkeys but no differences were found in layer II of area 36. In adult\u2010lesioned monkeys, the number of immature neurons in the entorhinal cortex was lower than in controls but did not differ from controls in the perirhinal cortex. The number of mature neurons in layer III of area Er did not differ from controls, but the number of small, mature neurons in layer II of area 36 was lower than in controls. In sum, hippocampal lesions impacted populations of mature and immature neurons in discrete regions and layers of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, which are interconnected with the amygdala and provide major cortical inputs to the hippocampus. These structural changes may contribute to some functional recovery following hippocampal injury in an age\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T04:41:04Z","timestamp":1687236064000},"page":"1094-1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Structural plasticity in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices following hippocampal lesions in rhesus monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Villard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lo\u00efc J.","family":"Chareyron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Piguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1527-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Lambercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9552-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Lonchampt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Banta Lavenex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology UniDistance Suisse  Brig Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1525-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David G.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California at Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"California National Primate Research Center University of California at Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9278-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Lavenex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00340489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2020.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.09.23.509244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"The hippocampus book","author":"Amaral D. 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