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This study aims to further investigate the MTL's role in VSTM precision through the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants underwent 1.5\u2009mA offline tDCS over bilateral temporal lobes using left cathodal and right anodal electrodes, administered for either 20\u2009min (active) or 0.5\u2009min within a 20\u2010min window (sham), in a counterbalanced design. As the electrical current passes through midbrain structures with this bilateral stimulation montage, prior behavioral and modeling evidence suggests that this tDCS protocol can modulate MTL functions. To confirm this and examine its impacts on VSTM, participants completed a VSTM color recall task immediately following tDCS, while undergoing a 20\u2010min fMRI scan and a subsequent 7.5\u2010min resting\u2010state scan, during which they focused on a fixation cross. Behavioral results indicated that this tDCS protocol decreased VSTM precision without significantly affecting overall recall success. Furthermore, psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that tDCS over the temporal lobe modulated hippocampal\u2010occipital functional connectivity during the VSTM task, despite no main effect on fMRI BOLD activity. Notably, this modulation was also observed during resting\u2010state fMRI 15\u201320\u2009min post\u2010tDCS, with the magnitude of the effect correlating with participants' behavioral changes in VSTM precision across active and control conditions. Combined, these findings suggest that tDCS over the temporal lobe can modulate the intrinsic functional connectivity between the MTL and visual sensory areas, thereby affecting VSTM precision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T07:30:20Z","timestamp":1734939020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Bilateral Temporal Lobes Modulates Hippocampal\u2010Occipital Functional Connectivity and Visual Short\u2010Term Memory Precision"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland 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