{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:28:27Z","timestamp":1778084907528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH111177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH111177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hippocampus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hippocampal\u2010based associative learning is a cornerstone of human behavior and is compromised in schizophrenia. Learning is subserved by time\u2010driven brain network dynamics during encoding and retrieval of associations, but the impact of these dynamics on effective connectivity (EC) is unclear. We used Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) to investigate (a) patient\u2010control differences in connectivity, (b) time\u2010related impacts on connectivity, and (c) the interaction between group and time. We investigated a closed network of regions including the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, the hippocampus, and regions in the magno\u2010 and parvo\u2010cellular visual pathways. fMRI data (3\u2009T Siemens Verio) were collected in 90 participants (52 stable schizophrenia patients) using an object\u2010location associative learning paradigm with conditions for (a) Encoding (encoding\n                    <jats:italic>what<\/jats:italic>\n                    goes\n                    <jats:italic>where<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and (b) Retrieval (retrieving\n                    <jats:italic>what<\/jats:italic>\n                    was in the cued location). Competing network architectures were evaluated using DCM. We analyzed DCM\u2010derived EC estimates of the contextual modulation of pathways by task condition and time, with a focus on inter\u2010group differences and interactions with time. The winning model architecture revealed contextual modulation of bottom\u2010up but not top\u2010down pathways. In SCZ, encoding resulted in reduced contextual modulation of hippocampal \u2794dACC and the dlPFC \u2794 dACC pathways (emphasizing the importance of this triumvirate of regions). In SCZ, retrieval resulted in reduced modulation of the dlPFC \u2794 dACC pathway. We observed widespread evidence for the plasticity of connection strengths over time (independent of Group). Finally, retrieval evoked an interaction in the contextual modulation of the inferior temporal \u2794 hippocampus pathway (decreased modulation over time in HC, but increased modulation in SCZ). Our DCM\u2010based investigation re\u2010affirms the important role of frontal\u2013hippocampal pathways in memory encoding and retrieval, elucidates the nature of memory dynamics, and reveals task\u2010evoked disruption of network function in schizophrenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T17:30:42Z","timestamp":1762191042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Encoding and Retrieval Dynamics During Frontal\u2010Hippocampal Learning: Causal Modeling of Brain Networks in Schizophrenia and Health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4712-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalyyanee","family":"Nanaaware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of 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Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav A.","family":"Diwadkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Non\u2010Linear Dynamics and Neuronal Networks","author":"Aersten 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