{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:05:05Z","timestamp":1790323505010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["154276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["154276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hippocampus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Period circadian regulator 1 (PER1) regulates circadian gene expression and is critical for spatial memory. However, its role in regulating synaptic plasticity between diurnal phases remains largely unknown. Here, we examined long\u2010term potentiation (LTP) and long\u2010term synaptic depression (LTD) in hippocampal slices prepared from aged male\n                    <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout (\n                    <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO) rats and their wildtype (WT) littermates during the light\/inactive and dark\/active phases. In WT rats, theta\u2010burst stimulation (TBS) consistently induced stable LTP that was greater during the dark relative to the light phase. In contrast, in\n                    <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO rats, TBS resulted in synaptic potentiation that decayed to baseline levels within ~90\u2009min in both phases. Notably, WT rats readily expressed LTD following 1\u2009Hz low\u2010frequency stimulation (LFS) during the dark phase but not the light phase. By comparison, in\n                    <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO rats, LTD was inducible by LFS during both the dark and light phases. LTD in both WT and\n                    <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO rats was dependent on the activation of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010aspartate receptors. Basal synaptic transmission was reduced and GluA1 S845 phosphorylation was increased during the dark phase in both WT and\n                    <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO rats. Together, our findings identify PER1 as a key regulator of synaptic plasticity between diurnal phases in aged rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:05:56Z","timestamp":1787983556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diurnal Regulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Rats and the Role of the Circadian Clock Gene\n                    <i>Per1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5199-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam T.","family":"Ralph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"TANZ Centre for Research in 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