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Advances in high\u2010resolution imaging have accelerated research on these structures, yet variability in segmentation protocols limits cross\u2010study comparability. The Hippocampal Subfields Group (HSG) is an international consortium addressing this challenge by developing a reliable, accessible, and freely available segmentation protocol for high\u2010resolution T2\u2010weighted 3T MRI scans (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.hippocampalsubfields.com\">http:\/\/www.hippocampalsubfields.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ). Here, we present the harmonized protocol for the posterior portion of the hippocampus (the \u201ctail\u201d), complementing the previously established \u201cbody\u201d protocol, and with an anterior \u201chead\u201d protocol under development. The tail protocol provides standardized definitions of the external boundaries for the posterior\u2010most extent of the hippocampus, facilitating consistent segmentation from surrounding tissues. The research community was extensively involved through an online survey that incorporated comprehensive protocol details, feasibility assessments, tutorial videos, and illustrative segmentations. Through this collaborative process, consensus emerged to exclude subfield labeling in the hippocampal tail due to limited visibility of internal landmarks and substantial anatomical variability in this region. All proposed boundary guidelines were deemed clear and agreed upon via a Delphi procedure. The harmonized tail protocol has high intra\u2010 (Averaged ICC(2, 1)\u2009&gt;\u20090.98; Averaged Dice Similarity Coefficient\u2009=\u20090.92) and inter\u2010rater reliability (Averaged ICC(2,\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2009&gt;\u20090.98; Averaged Dice Similarity Coefficient\u2009=\u20090.86) and offers a practical framework for replicable segmentation. By establishing standardized guidelines, this protocol enhances comparability of findings across developmental, aging, and clinical research and is compatible with ongoing technological advances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:09:52Z","timestamp":1792811392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harmonized Protocol for Segmentation of the Hippocampal Tail on High\u2010Resolution In\u00a0Vivo\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    From the Hippocampal Subfields Group (\n                    <scp>HSG<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3953-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"de Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UA20 Neuropresage  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey L.","family":"Canada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-3099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thackery","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Center for Research and Education in Navigation (CRaNE) Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2773-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Gervais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-795X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Maass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustaf","family":"R\u00e5dman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Shine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3375-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E\u00f3in N.","family":"Molloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna N.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5730-1479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Baca","family":"Reinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Jose State University  San Jose California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1558-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Berron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marshall A.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5373-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"LaJoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne G.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3927-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noa","family":"Ofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-4152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna K.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baycrest Academy for Research and Education University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5080-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naftali","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development Stony Brook University  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8633-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Riggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4781-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Rodrigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3870-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7504-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura E. M.","family":"Wisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8543-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Yushkevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2969-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie A.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Jose State University  San Jose California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9980-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Hippocampal Subfields Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801093115","article-title":"Characterizing the Human Hippocampus in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Using a Computational Atlas Derived From Ex\u00a0Vivo MRI and Histology","volume":"115","author":"Adler D. H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.09.005","article-title":"Multiple Anatomical Systems Embedded Within the Primate Medial Temporal Lobe: Implications for Hippocampal Function","volume":"36","author":"Aggleton J. P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.70101","article-title":"Quantitative and Morphometric Measures in the Human Hippocampal Tail Using Ex\u00a0Vivo Imaging Validated With Histology","volume":"36","author":"Alexander A. M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.084","article-title":"The Hippocampus in Aging and Disease: From Plasticity to Vulnerability","volume":"309","author":"Bartsch T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg034","article-title":"Mesial Temporal Damage in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Volumetric MRI Study of the Hippocampus, Amygdala and Parahippocampal Region","volume":"126","author":"Bernasconi N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.022","article-title":"A Protocol for Manual Segmentation of Medial Temporal Lobe Subregions in 7 Tesla MRI","volume":"15","author":"Berron D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.02.009","article-title":"Delphi Definition of the EADC\u2010ADNI Harmonized Protocol for Hippocampal Segmentation on Magnetic Resonance","volume":"11","author":"Boccardi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23072","article-title":"Cognitive Mapping Style Relates to Posterior\u2010Anterior Hippocampal Volume Ratio","volume":"29","author":"Brunec I. K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163508","article-title":"The Role of the Hippocampus in Prediction and Imagination","volume":"61","author":"Buckner R. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70004","article-title":"A (Sub)field Guide to Quality Control in Hippocampal Subfield Segmentation on High\u2010Resolution T2\u2010Weighted MRI","volume":"45","author":"Canada K. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.022","article-title":"Imaging the Human Medial Temporal Lobe With High\u2010Resolution fMRI","volume":"65","author":"Carr V. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.750154","article-title":"Medial Temporal Lobe Subregional Atrophy in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"13","author":"Chauveau L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.11.007","article-title":"Hippocampal Region\u2010Specific Contributions to Memory Performance in Normal Elderly","volume":"72","author":"Chen K. H. 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M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.02.001","article-title":"A Reliable and Valid Method for Manual Demarcation of Hippocampal Head, Body, and Tail","volume":"41","author":"Daugherty A. 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